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Sunan Abi Dawud 4496 (Book 41, Hadith 3) #24787
Three Options for Wrongdoing

SUMMARY: This hadith explains that if someone is wronged, they have the option to retaliate, forgive, or receive compensation. If they wish for something more than these three options, then it should be prevented.

Narrated AbuShurayh al-Khuza'i: The Prophet said: If a relative of anyone is killed, or if he suffers khabl, which means a wound, he may choose one of the three things: he may retaliate, or forgive, or receive compensation. But if he wishes a fourth (ie something more), hold his hands. After this whoever exceeds the limits shall be in grave penalty.
حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ فُضَيْلٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ الْخُزَاعِيِّ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ قَالَ ‏ "‏ مَنْ أُصِيبَ بِقَتْلٍ أَوْ خَبْلٍ فَإِنَّهُ يَخْتَارُ إِحْدَى ثَلاَثٍ إِمَّا أَنْ يَقْتَصَّ وَإِمَّا أَنْ يَعْفُوَ وَإِمَّا أَنْ يَأْخُذَ الدِّيَةَ فَإِنْ أَرَادَ الرَّابِعَةَ فَخُذُوا عَلَى يَدَيْهِ وَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ

TOPICS
retaliation  *  forgiveness  *  compensation  *  qisas  *  afw  *  diyat

QUICK LESSONS:
Choose one of the three things - retaliation , forgiveness or compensation .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith explains that if someone is wronged in any way, whether it be through a death of a relative or an injury inflicted upon them, they have the option to retaliate against the perpetrator by exacting revenge. Alternatively, they can choose to forgive and let go of their anger and resentment towards the perpetrator. Lastly, they can choose to receive compensation from the perpetrator as recompense for their suffering. However, if one wishes something more than these three options then it should be prevented as exceeding these limits will result in grave penalty. This hadith teaches us about justice and mercy; justice in terms of punishing those who do wrong and mercy in terms of forgiving those who have done us harm instead of seeking revenge on them. It also teaches us about compromise; when two parties are at odds with each other but neither wants to take extreme measures such as retaliation or forgiveness then there is always an option for compromise through compensation which both parties can agree upon without having to resort to extreme measures.

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