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Sahih al-Bukhari 1980 (Book 30, Hadith 87) #1900
Fasting on Alternate Days

SUMMARY: The Prophet (ﷺ) encouraged Abdullah bin 'Amr to fast three days a month, but Abdullah said he could do more. The Prophet (ﷺ) then suggested five, seven, nine and eleven days a month. He then told him that the best fast was that of the Prophet David which was for half of the year - fasting on alternate days.

Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Amr: Allah's Messenger was informed about my fasts, and he came to me and I spread for him a leather cushion stuffed with palm fires, but he sat on the ground and the cushion remained between me and him, and then he said, "Isn't it sufficient for you to fast three days a month?" I replied, "O Allah's Apostle! (I can fast more)". He said, "Five?" I replied, "O Allah's Messenger ! (I can fast more)". He said, "Seven?" I replied, "O Allah's Messenger ! (I can fast more)". He said, "Nine (days per month)?" I replied, "O Allah's Messenger ! (I can fast more)" He said, "Eleven (days per month)?" And then the Prophet said, "There is no fast superior to that of the Prophet David it was for half of the year. So, fast on alternate days".
حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ الْوَاسِطِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدٌ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلاَبَةَ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْمَلِيحِ، قَالَ دَخَلْتُ مَعَ أَبِيكَ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو فَحَدَّثَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ذُكِرَ لَهُ صَوْمِي فَدَخَلَ عَلَىَّ، فَأَلْقَيْتُ لَهُ وِسَادَةً مِنْ أَدَمٍ، حَشْوُهَا لِيفٌ، فَجَلَسَ عَلَى الأَرْضِ، وَصَارَتِ الْوِسَادَةُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُ‏.‏ فَقَالَ ‏"‏ أَمَا يَكْفِيكَ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ ثَلاَثَةُ أَيَّامٍ ‏"‏‏.‏ قَالَ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ‏.‏ قَالَ ‏"‏ خَمْسًا ‏"‏‏.‏ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ‏.‏ قَالَ ‏"‏ سَبْعًا ‏"‏‏.‏ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ‏.‏ قَالَ ‏"‏ تِسْعًا ‏"‏‏.‏ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ‏.‏ قَالَ ‏"‏ إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ ‏"‏‏.‏ ثُمَّ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ‏"‏ لاَ صَوْمَ فَوْقَ صَوْمِ دَاوُدَ ـ عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ ـ شَطْرَ الدَّهْرِ، صُمْ يَوْمًا، وَأَفْطِرْ يَوْمًا

TOPICS
fasting  *  alternating  *  days  *  yearly

QUICK LESSONS:
Fast according to what has been prescribed by Allah SWT through His prophets such as prophet David who used to fast for half a year on alternate days

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith is about fasting and how it can be done in an effective way. The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was informed about Abdullah bin 'Amr's fasts and came to him to encourage him to fast three days a month. However, Abdullah said he could do more so the Prophet ﷺ suggested five, seven, nine and eleven days per month as alternatives. He then told him that the best form of fasting is that of the prophet David which was for half of the year - fasting on alternate days. This hadith teaches us about moderation in our religious practices as well as patience and perseverance when it comes to worshiping Allah SWT through acts such as fasting or prayer etc., It also encourages us to strive for excellence in our religious practices by following what has been prescribed by Allah SWT through His prophets such as prophet David who used to fast for half a year on alternate days.

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