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Sahih al-Bukhari 1511 (Book 24, Hadith 111) #1450
Obligation of Sadaqat-ul-Fitr

SUMMARY: The Prophet (ﷺ) made it obligatory for every male or female, free man or slave to pay one Sa' of dates or barley as Sadaqat-ul-Fitr. People then substituted half Sa' of wheat for that.

Narrated Nafi': Ibn 'Umar said, "The Prophet made incumbent on every male or female, free man or slave, the payment of one Sa' of dates or barley as Sadaqat-ul-Fitr (or said Sadaqa-Ramadan)". The people then substituted half Sa' of wheat for that. Ibn 'Umar used to give dates (as Sadaqat-ul-Fitr). Once there was scarcity of dates in Medina and Ibn 'Umar gave barley'.And Ibn 'Umar used to give Sadaqat-ul- Fitr for every young and old person. He even used to give on behalf of my children. Ibn 'Umar used to give Sadaqat-ul-Fitr to those who had been officially appointed for its collection. People used to give Sadaqat-ul-Fitr (even) a day or two before the 'Id.
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النُّعْمَانِ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ قَالَ فَرَضَ النَّبِيُّ صَدَقَةَ الْفِطْرِ ـ أَوْ قَالَ رَمَضَانَ ـ عَلَى الذَّكَرِ وَالأُنْثَى، وَالْحُرِّ وَالْمَمْلُوكِ، صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ، فَعَدَلَ النَّاسُ بِهِ نِصْفَ صَاعٍ مِنْ بُرٍّ‏.‏ فَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ يُعْطِي التَّمْرَ، فَأَعْوَزَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ مِنَ التَّمْرِ فَأَعْطَى شَعِيرًا، فَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يُعْطِي عَنِ الصَّغِيرِ وَالْكَبِيرِ، حَتَّى إِنْ كَانَ يُعْطِي عَنْ بَنِيَّ، وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ يُعْطِيهَا الَّذِينَ يَقْبَلُونَهَا، وَكَانُوا يُعْطُونَ قَبْلَ الْفِطْرِ بِيَوْمٍ أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ‏.‏

QUICK LESSONS:
Pay one Sa'of dates/barley/wheat as sadaqa al fitra . Give charity on behalf your children & others who are appointed for its collection .

EXPLANATIONS:
The hadith narrated by Nafi': Ibn 'Umar states that the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ made it obligatory for every male and female, free man and slave to pay one Sa' of dates or barley as Sadaqat-ul-Fitr. This is a form of charity given at the end of Ramadan which is meant to help those in need. People then substituted half Sa' of wheat for that, which was also accepted by the Prophet ﷺ. Ibn 'Umar used to give dates as Sadaqat-ul Fitr but if there was scarcity he would give barley instead. He even used to give on behalf of his children and those who had been officially appointed for its collection were given this charity a day or two before Eid al Fitr.

The values taught in this hadith are generosity, kindness towards others, helping those in need and fulfilling obligations with sincerity and dedication.

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