Tolerance in Islam (Lessons from history)

Category: Europe, Faith & Spirituality, Featured Topics: Christians, Church, History, Islam, Jews Values: Mercy, Patience, Tolerance Views: 29193
29193

In 1927 Muhammad Marmaduke Pickthall gave eight lectures on several aspects of Islamic civilization at the invitation of The Committee of "Madras Lectures on Islam" in Madras, India. This was the second in the series, the first one was held in 1925 on "The Life of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)." Parts of Pickthall's lectures were made available in India at various times. All of his lectures were published under the title "The Cultural Side of Islam" in 1961 by Sh. Muhammad Ashraf Publishers, Lahore from a manuscript provided by M.I. Jamal Moinuddin. The book has gone through several reprints since then.

An abridged version of his fifth lecture on "Tolerance in Islam" is presented below.


One of the commonest charges brought against Islam historically, and as a religion, by Western writers is that it is intolerant. This is turning the tables with a vengeance when one remembers various facts: One remembers that not a Muslim is left alive in Spain or Sicily or Apulia. One remembers that not a Muslim was left alive and not a mosque left standing in Greece after the great rebellion in l821. One remembers how the Muslims of the Balkan peninsula, once the majority, have been systematically reduced with the approval of the whole of Europe, how the Christian under Muslim rule have in recent times been urged on to rebel and massacre the Muslims, and how reprisals by the latter have been condemned as quite uncalled for.

Granada (Gharnatah)

In Spain under the Umayyads and in Baghdad under the Abbasid Khalifas, Christians and Jews, equally with Muslims, were admitted to the Schools and universities - not only that, but were boarded and lodged in hostels at the cost of the state. When the Moors were driven out of Spain, the Christian conquerors held a terrific persecution of the Jews. Those who were fortunate enough to escape fled, some of them to Morocco and many hundreds to the Turkish empire, where their descendants still live in separate communities, and still speak among themselves an antiquated form of Spanish. The Muslim empire was a refuge for all those who fled from persecution by the Inquisition.

The Western Christians, till the arrival of the Encyclopaedists in the eighteenth century, did not know and did not care to know, what the Muslim believed, nor did the Western Christian seek to know the views of Eastern Christians with regard to them. The Christian Church was already split in two, and in the end, it came to such a pass that the Eastern Christians, as Gibbon shows, preferred Muslim rule, which allowed them to practice their own form of religion and adhere to their peculiar dogmas, to the rule of fellow Christians who would have made them Roman Catholics or wiped them out.

The Western Christians called the Muslims pagans, paynims, even idolaters - there are plenty of books in which they are described as worshiping an idol called Mahomet or Mahound, and in the accounts of the conquest of Granada there are even descriptions of the monstrous idols which they were alleged to worship - whereas the Muslims knew what Christianity was, and in what respects it differed from Islam. If Europe had known as much of Islam, as Muslims knew of Christendom, in those days, those mad, adventurous, occasionally chivalrous and heroic, but utterly fanatical outbreak known as the Crusades could not have taken place, for they were based on a complete misapprehension.

I quote a learned French author:

"Every poet in Christendom considered a Mohammedan to be an infidel, and an idolater, and his gods to be three; mentioned in order, they were: Mahomet or Mahound or Mohammad, Opolane and the third Termogond. It was said that when in Spain the Christians overpowered the Mohammadans and drove them as far as the gates of the city of Saragossa, the Mohammadans went back and broke their idols."A Christian poet of the period says that Opolane the "god" of the Mohammadans, which was kept there in a den was awfully belabored and abused by the Mohammadans, who, binding it hand and foot, crucified it on a pillar, trampled it under their feet and broke it to pieces by beating it with sticks; that their second god Mahound they threw in a pit and caused to be torn to pieces by pigs and dogs, and that never were gods so ignominiously treated; but that afterwards the Mohammadans repented of their sins, and once more reinstated their gods for the accustomed worship, and that when the Emperor Charles entered the city of Saragossa he had every mosque in the city searched and had "Muhammad" and all their Gods broken with iron hammers."

That was the kind of "history" on which the populace in Western Europe used to be fed. Those were the ideas which inspired the rank and file of the crusader in their attacks on the most civilized peoples of those days. Christendom regarded the outside world as damned eternally, and Islam did not. There were good and tender-hearted men in Christendom who thought it sad that any people should be damned eternally, and wished to save them by the only way they knew - conversion to the Christian faith.

It was not until the Western nations broke away from their religious law that they became more tolerant; and it was only when the Muslims fell away from their religious law that they declined in tolerance and other evidences of the highest culture. Therefore the difference evident in that anecdote is not of manners only but of religion. Of old, tolerance had existed here and there in the world, among enlightened individuals; but those individuals had always been against the prevalent religion. Tolerance was regarded of un-religious, if not irreligious. Before the coming of Islam it had never been preached as an essential part of religion.

For the Muslims, Judaism, Christianity and Islam are but three forms of one religion, which, in its original purity, was the religion of Abraham: Al-Islam, that perfect Self-Surrender to the Will of God, which is the basis of Theocracy. The Jews, in their religion, after Moses, limited God's mercy to their chosen nation and thought of His kingdom as the dominion of their race.

Even Christ himself, as several of his sayings show, declared that he was sent only to the lost sheep of the House of Israel and seemed to regard his mission as to the Hebrews only; and it was only after a special vision vouchsafed to St. Peter that his followers in after days considered themselves authorized to preach the Gospel to the Gentiles. The Christians limited God's mercy to those who believed certain dogmas. Every one who failed to hold the dogmas was an outcast or a miscreant, to be persecuted for his or her soul's good. In Islam only is manifest the real nature of the Kingdom of God.

The two verses (2:255-256) of the Qur'an are supplementary. Where there is that realization of the majesty and dominion of Allah , there is no compulsion in religion. Men choose their path - allegiance or opposition - and it is sufficient punishment for those who oppose that they draw further and further away from the light of truth.

What Muslims do not generally consider is that this law applies to our own community just as much as to the folk outside, the laws of Allah being universal; and that intolerance of Muslims for other men's opinions and beliefs is evidence that they themselves have, at the moment, forgotten the vision of the majesty and mercy of Allah which the Qur'an presents to them.

In the Qur'an I find two meanings (of a Kafir), which become one the moment that we try to realize the divine standpoint. The Kafir in the first place, is not the follower of any religion. He is the opponent of Allah's benevolent will and purpose for mankind - therefore the disbeliever in the truth of all religions, the disbeliever in all Scriptures as of divine revelation, the disbeliever to the point of active opposition in all the Prophets (pbut) whom the Muslims are bidden to regard, without distinction, as messengers of Allah.

The Qur'an repeatedly claims to be the confirmation of the truth of all religions. The former Scriptures had become obscure, the former Prophets appeared mythical, so extravagant were the legends which were told concerning them, so that people doubted whether there was any truth in the old Scriptures, whether such people as the Prophets had ever really existed. Here - says the Qur'an - is a Scripture whereof there is no doubt: here is a Prophet actually living among you and preaching to you. If it were not for this book and this Prophet, men might be excused for saying that Allah's guidance to mankind was all a fable. This book and this Prophet, therefore, confirm the truth of all that was revealed before them, and those who disbelieve in them to the point of opposing the existence of a Prophet and a revelation are really opposed to the idea of Allah's guidance - which is the truth of all revealed religions. Our Holy Prophet (pbuh) himself said that the term Kafir was not to be applied to anyone who said "Salam" (peace) to the Muslims. The Kafirs, in the terms of the Qur'an, are the conscious evil-doers of any race of creed or community.

I have made a long digression but it seemed to me necessary, for I find much confusion of ideas even among Muslims on this subject, owing to defective study of the Qur'an and the Prophet's life. Many Muslims seem to forget that our Prophet had allies among the idolaters even after Islam had triumphed in Arabia, and that he "fulfilled his treaty with them perfectly until the term thereof." The righteous conduct of the Muslims, not the sword, must be held responsible for the conversion of those idolaters, since they embraced Islam before the expiration of their treaty.

So much for the idolaters of Arabia, who had no real beliefs to oppose the teaching of Islam, but only superstition. They invoked their local deities for help in war and put their faith only in brute force. In this they were, to begin with, enormously superior to the Muslims. When the Muslims nevertheless won, they were dismayed; and all their arguments based on the superior power of their deities were for ever silenced. Their conversion followed naturally. It was only a question of time with the most obstinate of them.

It was otherwise with the people who had a respectable religion of their own - the People of the Scripture - as the Qur'an calls them - i.e. the people who had received the revelation of some former Prophet: the Jews, the Christians and the Zoroastrians were those with whom the Muslims came at once in contact. To these our Prophet's attitude was all of kindness. The Charter which he granted to the Christian monks of Sinai is extant. If you read it you will see that it breathes not only goodwill but actual love. He gave to the Jews of Medina, so long as they were faithful to him, precisely the same treatment as to the Muslims. He never was aggressive against any man or class of men; he never penalized any man, or made war on any people, on the ground of belief but only on the ground of conduct.

The story of his reception of Christian and Zoroastrian visitors is on record. There is not a trace of religious intolerance in all this. And it should be remembered - Muslims are rather apt to forget it, and it is of great importance to our outlook - that our Prophet did not ask the people of the Scripture to become his followers. He asked them only to accept the Kingdom of Allah, to abolish priesthood and restore their own religions to their original purity. The question which, in effect, he put to everyone was this: "Are you for the Kingdom of God which includes all of us, or are you for your own community against the rest of mankind?" The one is obviously the way of peace and human progress, the other the way of strife, oppression and calamity. But the rulers of the world, to whom he sent his message, most of them treated it as the message of either an insolent upstart or a mad fanatic. His envoys were insulted cruelly, and even slain. One cannot help wondering what reception that same embassy would meet with from the rulers of mankind today, when all the thinking portion of mankind accept the Prophet's premises, have thrown off the trammels of priestcraft, and harbor some idea of human brotherhood.

But though the Christians and Jews and Zoroastrians refused his message, and their rulers heaped most cruel insults on his envoys, our Prophet never lost his benevolent attitudes towards them as religious communities; as witness the Charter to the monks of Sinai already mentioned. And though the Muslims of later days have fallen far short of the Holy Prophet's tolerance, and have sometimes shown arrogance towards men of other faiths, they have always given special treatment to the Jews and Christians. Indeed the Laws for their special treatment form part of the Shari'ah.

In Egypt the Copts were on terms of closest friendship with the Muslims in the first centuries of the Muslim conquest, and they are on terms at closest friendship with the Muslims at the present day. In Syria the various Christian communities lived on terms of closest friendship with the Muslims in the first centuries of the Muslim conquest, and they are on terms of closest friendship with the Muslims at the present day, openly preferring Muslim domination to a foreign yoke.

There were always flourishing Jewish communities in the Muslim realm, notably in Spain, North Africa, Syria, Iraq and later on in Turkey. Jews fled from Christian persecution to Muslim countries for refuge. Whole communities of them voluntarily embraced Islam following a revered rabbi whom they regarded as the promised Messiah but many more remained as Jews, and they were never persecuted as in Christendom. The Turkish Jews are one with the Turkish Muslims today. And it is noteworthy that the Arabic-speaking Jews of Palestine - the old immigrants from Spain and Poland - are one with the Muslims and Christians in opposition to the transformation of Palestine into a national home for the Jews.

To turn to the Christians, the story of the triumphal entry of the Khalifah Umar ibn al-Khattab (ra) into Jerusalem has been often told, but I shall tell it once again, for it illustrates the proper Muslim attitude towards the People of the Scripture....The Christian officials urged him to spread his carpet in the Church (of the Holy Sepulchre) itself, but he refused saying that some of the ignorant Muslims after him might claim the Church and convert it into a mosque because he had once prayed there. He had his carpet carried to the top of the steps outside the church, to the spot where the Mosque of Umar now stands - the real Mosque of Umar, for the splendid Qubbet-us-Sakhrah, which tourists call the Mosque of Umar, is not a Mosque at all, but the temple of Jerusalem; a shrine within the precincts of the Masjid-al-Aqsa, which is the second of the Holy Places of Islam.

Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem - 1858

From that day to this; the Church of the Holy Sepulchre has always been a Christian place of worship, the only things the Muslims did in the way of interference with the Christian's liberty of conscience in respect of it was to see that every sect of Christians had access to it, and that it was not monopolized by one sect to the exclusion of others. The same is true of the Church of the Nativity of Bethlehem, and of other buildings of special sanctity.

Under the Khulafa-ur-Rashidin and the Umayyads, the true Islamic attitude was maintained, and it continued to a much later period under the Umayyad rule in Spain. In those days it was no uncommon thing for Muslims and Christian to use the same places of worship. I could point to a dozen buildings in Syria which tradition says were thus conjointly used; and I have seen at Lud (Lydda), in the plain of Sharon, a Church of St. George and a mosque under the same roof with only a partition wall between. The partition wall did not exist in early days. The words of the Khalifah Umar proved true in other cases; not only half the church at Lydda, but the whole church in other places was claimed by ignorant Muslims of a later day on the mere ground that the early Muslims had prayed there. But there was absolute liberty of conscience for the Christians; they kept their most important Churches and built new ones; though by a later edict their church bells were taken from them because their din annoyed the Muslims, it was said; only the big bell of the Holy Sepulchre remaining. They used to call to prayer by beating a naqus, a wooden gong, the same instrument which the Prophet Noah (pbuh) is said to have used to summon the chosen few into his ark.

It was not the Christians of Syria who desired the Crusades, nor did the Crusades care a jot for them, or their sentiments, regarding them as heretics and interlopers. The latter word sounds strange in this connection, but there is a reason for its use.

The great Abbasid Khalifah Harun ar-Rashid had, God knows why, once sent the keys of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher among other presents to the Frankish Emperor, Charlemagne. Historically, it was a wrong to the Christians of Syria, who did not belong to the Western Church, and asked for no protection other than the Muslim government. Politically, it was a mistake and proved the source of endless after trouble to the Muslim Empire. The keys sent, it is true, were only duplicate keys. The Church was in daily use. It was not locked up till such time as Charlemagne, Emperor of the West, chose to lock it. The present of the keys was intended only as a compliment, as one would say: "You and your people can have free access to the Church which is the center of your faith, your goal of pilgrimage, whenever you may come to visit it." But the Frankish Christians took the present seriously in after times regarding it as the title to a freehold, and looking on the Christians of the country as mere interlopers, as I said before, as well as heretics.

That compliment from king to king was the foundation of all the extravagant claims of France in later centuries. Indirectly it was the foundation of Russia's even more extortionate claims, for Russia claimed to protect the Eastern Church against the encroachment of Roman Catholics; and it was the cause of nearly all the ill feeling which ever existed between the Muslims and their Christians Dhimmis.

When the Crusaders took Jerusalem they massacred the Eastern Christians with the Muslims indiscriminately, and while they ruled in Palestine the Eastern Christians, such of them as did not accompany the retreating Muslim army, were deprived of all the privileges which Islam secured to them and were treated as a sort of outcasters. Many of them became Roman Catholics in order to secure a higher status; but after the re-conquest, when the emigrants returned, the followers of the Eastern church were found again to be in large majority over those who owed obedience to the Pope of Rome. The old order was reestablished and all the Dhimmis once again enjoyed their privileges in accordance with the Sacred Law (of Islam).

But the effect of those fanatical inroads had been somewhat to embitter Muslim sentiments, and to ting them with an intellectual contempt for the Christian generally; which was bad for Muslims and for Christians both; since it made the former arrogant and oppressive to the latter socially, and the intellectual contempt, surviving the intellectual superiority, blinded the Muslims to the scientific advance of the West till too late.

The arrogance hardened into custom, and when Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt occupied Syria in the third decade of the nineteenth century, a deputation of the Muslims of Damascus waited on him with a complaint that under his rule the Christians were beginning to ride on horseback. Ibrahim Pasha pretended to be greatly shocked at the news, and asked leave to think for a whole night on so disturbing an announcement. Next morning, he informed the deputation that since it was, of course, a shame for Christians to ride as high as Muslims, he gave permission to all Muslims thenceforth to ride on camels. That was probably the first time that the Muslims of Damascus had ever been brought face to face with the absurdity of their pretentions.

By the beginning of the Eighteenth century AD, the Christians had, by custom, been made subject to certain social disabilities, but these were never, at the worst, so cruel or so galling as those to which the Roman Catholic nobility of France at the same period subjected their own Roman Catholic peasantry, or as those which Protestants imposed on Roman Catholics in Ireland; and they weighed only on the wealthy portion of the community. The poor Muslims and poor Christians were on an equality, and were still good friends and neighbors.

The Muslims never interfered with the religion of the subject Christians. (e.g., The Treaty of Orihuela, Spain, 713.) There was never anything like the Inquisition or the fires of Smithfield. Nor did they interfere in the internal affairs of their communities. Thus a number of small Christian sects, called by the larger sects heretical, which would inevitably have been exterminated if left to the tender mercies of the larger sects whose power prevailed in Christendom, were protected and preserved until today by the power of Islam.

Innumerable monasteries, with a wealth of treasure of which the worth has been calculated at not less than a hundred millions sterling, enjoyed the benefit of the Holy Prophet's Charter to the monks of Sinai and were religiously respected by the Muslims. The various sects of Christians were represented in the Council of the Empire by their patriarchs, on the provincial and district council by their bishops, in the village council by their priests, whose word was always taken without question on things which were the sole concern of their community.

With regard to the respect for monasteries, I have a curious instance of my own remembrance. In the year 1905 the Arabic congregation of the Greek Orthodox Church in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, or Church of the Resurrection as it is locally called, rebelled against the tyranny of the Monks of the adjoining convent of St. George. The convent was extremely rich, and a large part of its revenues was derived from lands which had been made over to it by the ancestors of the Arab congregation for security at a time when property was insecure; relying on the well known Muslim reverence for religious foundations. The income was to be paid to the depositors and their descendants, after deducting something for the convent.

No income had been paid to anybody by the Monks for more than a century, and the congregation now demanded that at least a part of that ill-gotten wealth should be spent on education of the community. The Patriarch sided with the congregation, but was captured by the Monks, who kept him prisoner. The congregation tried to storm the convent, and the amiable monk poured vitriol down upon the faces of the congregation. The congregation appealed to the Turkish government, which secured the release of the Patriarch and some concessions for the congregation, but could not make the monks disgorge any part of their wealth because of the immunities secured to Monasteries by the Sacred Law (of Islam). What made the congregation the more bitter was the fact that certain Christians who, in old days, had made their property over to the Masjid al-Aqsa - the great mosque of Jerusalem - for security, were receiving income yearly from it even then.

Here is another incident from my own memory. A sub-prior of the Monastery of St. George purloined a handful from the enormous treasure of the Holy Sepulchre - a handful worth some forty thousand pounds - and tried to get away with it to Europe. He was caught at Jaffa by the Turkish customs officers and brought back to Jerusalem. The poor man fell on his face before the Mutasarrif imploring him with tears to have him tried by Turkish Law. The answer was: "We have no jurisdiction over monasteries," and the poor groveling wretch was handed over to the tender mercies of his fellow monks.

But the very evidence of their toleration, the concessions given to the subject people of another faith, were used against them in the end by their political opponents just as the concessions granted in their day of strength to foreigners came to be used against them in their day of weakness, as capitulations.

I can give you one curious instance of a capitulation, typical of several others. Three hundred years ago, the Franciscan friars were the only Western European missionaries to be found in the Muslim Empire. There was a terrible epidemic of plague, and those Franciscans worked devotedly, tending the sick and helping to bury the dead of all communities. In gratitude for this great service, the Turkish government decreed that all property of the Franciscans should be free of customs duty for ever. In the Firman (Edict) the actual words used were "Frankish missionaries" and at later time, when there were hundreds of missionaries from the West, most of them of other sects than the Roman Catholic, they all claimed that privilege and were allowed it by the Turkish government because the terms of the original Firman included them. Not only that, but they claimed that concession as a right, as if it had been won for them by force of arms or international treaty instead of being, as it was, a free gift of the Sultan; and called upon their consuls and ambassadors to support them Bly if it was at all infringed.

The Christians were allowed to keep their own languages and customs, to start their own schools and to be visited by missionaries to their own faith from Christendom. Thus they formed patches of nationalism in a great mass of internationalism or universal brotherhood; for as I have already said the tolerance within the body of Islam was, and is, something without parallel in history; class and race and color ceasing altogether to be barriers.

In countries where nationality and language were the same in Syria, Egypt and Mesopotamia there was no clash of ideals, but in Turkey, where the Christians spoke quite different languages from the Muslims, the ideals were also different. So long as the nationalism was un-aggressive, all went well; and it remained un-aggressive - that is to say, the subject Christians were content with their position - so long as the Muslim Empire remained better governed, more enlightened and more prosperous than Christian countries. And that may be said to have been the case, in all human essentials, up to the beginning of the seventeenth century.

Then for a period of about eighty years the Turkish Empire was badly governed; and the Christians suffered not from Islamic Institutions but from the decay or neglect of Islamic Institutions. Still it took Russia more than a century of ceaseless secret propaganda work to stir ups spirit of aggressive nationalism in the subject Christians, and then only by appealing to their religious fanaticism.

After the eighty years of bad government came the era of conscious reform, when the Muslim government turned its attention to the improvement of the status of all the peoples under it. But then it was too late to win back the Serbs, the Greeks, the Bulgars and the Romans. The poison of the Russian religious-political propaganda had done its work, and the prestige of Russian victories over the Turks had excited in the worst elements among the Christians of the Greek Church, the hope of an early opportunity to slaughter and despoil the Muslims, strengthening the desire to do so which had been instilled in them by Russian secret envoys, priests and monks.

I do not wish to dwell upon this period of history, though it is to me the best known of all, for it is too recent and might rouse too strong a feeling in my audience. I will only remind you that in the Greek War of Independence in 1811, three hundred thousand Muslims - men and women and children - the whole Muslim population of the Morea without exception, as well as many thousands in the northern parts of Greece - were wiped out in circumstances of the most atrocious cruelty; that in European histories we seldom find the slightest mention of that massacre, though we hear much of the reprisals which the Turks took afterwards; that before every massacre of Christians by Muslims of which you read, there was a more wholesale massacre or attempted massacre of Muslims by Christians; that those Christians were old friends and neighbors of the Muslims - the Armenians were the favorites of the Turks till fifty years ago - and that most of them were really happy under Turkish rule, as has been shown again and again by their tendency to return to it after so called liberation.

It was the Christians outside the Muslim Empire who systematically and continually fed their religious fanaticism: it was their priests who told them that to slaughter Muslims was a meritorious act. I doubt if anything so wicked can be found in history as that plot for the destruction of Turkey. When I say "wicked," I mean inimical to human progress and therefore against Allah's guidance and His purpose for mankind. For it has made religious tolerance appear a weakness in the eyes of all the world, because the multitudes of Christians who lived peacefully in Turkey are made to seem the cause of Turkey's martyrdom and downfall; while on the other hand the method of persecution and extermination which has always prevailed in Christendom is made to seem comparatively strong and wise.

Thus religious tolerance is made to seem a fault, politically. But it is not really so. The victims of injustice are always less to be pitied in reality than the perpetrators of injustice.

From the expulsion of the Moriscos dates the degradation and decline of Spain. San Fernando was really wiser and more patriotic in his tolerance to conquered Seville, Murcia and Toledo than was the later king who, under the guise of Holy warfare, captured Grenada and let the Inquisition work its will upon the Muslims and the Jews. And the modern Balkan States and Greece are born under a curse. It may even prove that the degradation and decline of European civilization will be dated from the day when so-called civilized statesmen agreed to the inhuman policy of Czarist Russia and gave their sanction to the crude fanaticism of the Russian Church.

There is no doubt but that, in the eyes of history, religious toleration is the highest evidence of culture in a people. Let no Muslim, when looking on the ruin of the Muslim realm which was compassed through the agency of those very peoples whom the Muslims had tolerated and protected through the centuries when Western Europe thought it a religious duty to exterminate or forcibly convert all peoples of another faith than theirs - let no Muslim, seeing this, imagine that toleration is a weakness in Islam. It is the greatest strength of Islam because it is the attitude of truth.

Allah is not the God of the Jews or the Christians or the Muslims only, any more than the sun shines or the rain falls for Jews or Christians or Muslims only.


  Category: Europe, Faith & Spirituality, Featured
  Topics: Christians, Church, History, Islam, Jews  Values: Mercy, Patience, Tolerance
Views: 29193

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Older Comments:
TAAHIR ISA MUHAMMAD AL AZIZ FROM UNITED STATES said:
An enlightened Muslim who knows Islamic History can verify the
truth that exists in this article. He will also verify the outcome
of all pending events that are occuring in the Islamic world today
as well as in the western world. Europeans has not changed their
behaviors and never will. We as Muslims must keep our guard up and
maintain thee vanguard which is necessary to protect our faith and
our people from religious extremism. Allah will grant us the
victory but we must make the effort to achieve it. Allahu aleem.
2015-03-31

FRANK SHORT FROM USA said:
Let's see if Islam will allow Biblical Christianity into Muslim lands today if Islam so tolerant?
2015-03-25

BABANDI A. GUMEL FROM U.K said:
whenever someone was appointed to an office during Sayyadina omar he was given clear instructions of his powers and obligations witnessed by a number of Muhajirun and Ansar.On arrival at his headquarters the officer in question called the people together and read the instrument of instruction before them so they became aware of his powers and could call him to account if he overstepped beyond his powers. Addressing the officials one day Omar said to them thus: Remember I have not appointed you as commanders and tyrants over the people. I have sent you as leaders instead,so that people may follow your example. Do not keep your doors shut in their faces, lest the more powerful of them eat up the weaker one. That was the tolerance in Islam which Late Marmaduke tried to explain to people nearly ninety years ago in a lecture 1925.May Allah give him Jannatul Firdaus for his dedication to Deen which led him to translate the Quran from Arabic to English 80 years ago.Now His translation is available wherever people read English Muhammed Marmaduke Pickthall of the Blessed Memory.
2015-03-25

BABANDI A. GUMEL FROM U.K said:
The Christians of Najran lived in the vicinity of Yemen and were not interfered with . But they began secretly to prepare for war for which they procured many horses and arms. Omar therefore ordered them to quit Yemen and settle in Iraq. Historical evidence is decisive that the expulsion were ordered in pursuance of political necessities. Nonetheless they were treated very generously giving them safe conduct. In Iraq or Syria wherever they settled the local government should give them lands for building their houses and cultivation and were exempted from paying jizya tax for two years until they were well settled. That was the tolerance of our Deen that cannot be compared with any other way of life..
2015-03-25

BABANDI A. GUMEL FROM U.K said:
Allah has promised those among you who believe and do righteous good deeds, that He will certainly grant them succession in the Land as He granted it to those before them, and that He will grant them the authority to practice their Deen which He has chosen for them. And He will surely give them in exchange a safe security after their fear and worship Me and not associating anything (in worship) with Me. May Allah continue to shower His Blessings on the Ummah by Keeping us on the Siratin Mustaqeem.
2012-09-15

SAFWAT FROM USA said:
excellent points! However in some ways your preaching to the choir!! Is not London an example of violence be gets violence...you need to organize some you people to speak to these issues in the form of video public programs
Haliburton baged $5b last week ....Did George Bush create a climate for violence did he not throw a stone and now he can not hide his hand........the Muslim leaders should realize based on historical fact that they must fight with truth and let it fall where it may.....Muslims from far away lands should have a much deeper appreciation for what the African American went through and is still going through
the sad thing is no one has talked effectively on steady basis about the thousands of humans that indure a fate much worst than what happened in London ....with out enough doctors,medical help in general but who die quietly and why are we not all The Creators children but most of the world including the Muslim have bought into the attitude that some of us are more favored by The Creator in that sense are we all not as quilty as the Terorist
2005-07-12

THOMAS MAXWELL FROM U.S.A. said:
Peace to all , I was enlightened by this article. Its odd but this is a lesson that is not taught in western society , and it should, this past year America has mourned and found faith. Now I must admit that the first few months after 9/11 I harbored resentment,anger and fear of Islam and Muslims. But, then I decided to comprehend Islam,at that time my reasoning was not spiritual but more so to "know the enemy" but God works in mysterious ways... and instead I was awakened to a coma like existence, Islam did not fly jets into the world trade center, or, the pentagon, It was some sick people but the religion of Islam was innocent. And this article shows that under the rule of Islam Christians and Jews faired better than Muslims did under Judaeo-Christian rule. We are all Gods children , we are family, so lets start living that way!!!
2002-09-12

YAN FROM USA said:
Thank you very much for such an excellent summery. I am really to happy to read an informative and objective opinion. I regard Murmaduke's traslation of the Holy Quran so highly, and would love to purchase the book of his essays. Do you know if and where I can find it in the USA?

Sincerely yours, Muslim
2002-09-12

ABDULGHAFOOR FROM INDIA said:
Lies against Islam is not new. Islam can not be denied unless the person is a liar. It's a litmus test of a person's character that if he is a liar and a trouble maker as well, then he will prove it by hurling false accusations against Islam. A true person will uphold the truth of Islam and try to study more about it. This is how, millions of people have become muslims (Moslems).
Allah loves true people. Truth is from Him. Falsehood mongers will bear the brunt of their actions against Islam and muslims and daily their sins are adding up. If these people were donkeys, and they had a harsh master and the master were to load them with heavy weights then, they would have been leading a tragic life. But Allah is the Best Well wisher above all and He wants only good for us. So these people are expected to do good with Him and Islam His Religion by telling the Truth. Please study Holy Qur'an for more details.
2002-09-11

JOAN FROM USA said:
Jeff Meskin Ref: 2449

It is not only in the Judeo-Christian West that all people are free to worship and practice their religion. Most nations of the world including Hindu India, Muslim nations such as Bangladesh, Indonesia, Turkey etc, Buddhist nations such as Thailand do have religious freedom. Saudi Arabia is one of the few nations that has no religious freedom. Saudi Arabians practice a puritanical form of Islam call Wahabism, so the Muslim world can hardly be judged by the behavior of a small percentage belonging to a puritanical sect.

As for the US Marine Colonel who was required to dress in traditional Islamic clothing when off-base in Saudia Arabia: it was the US military who insisted that the female soldiers dress this way. The Saudis themselves said they had no opposition to female American soldiers going off base in their uniforms and that their dress code only applied to Muslim women. The military just lifted this requirment with no complaints from the Saudis.
2002-02-11

DR A. M. CHAUDRI FROM UNITED KINGDOM said:
To Ed Mount comment 2481:
You say Islam lacks tolerance. "Why do you see the spec in your brothers eye when you do not see the log in your own." Jesus Christ year zero of C.E. A few facts to see what he meant: Fact 1: Christian Europeans committed genocide against the Native Americans, wiping them out; putting survivors into concentration camps known as reservations, not Muslims or Islam. Fact 2: Christian Europeans killed 6,000,000 Jews in Europe, not Islam or Muslims. Fact 3: Christian USA operated a system of Apartite; black people could not even drink from the same water fountains as a white man, nor be buried in the same cemetery. Black men could be lynched (murdered) on mere suspicion, and black women could be gang raped by white Christian men, with impunity. Racism is a major sin in Islam, leading to Hellfire. Compare this with Zionism and the heinous concept of a chosen race. Fact 4: The "civilised" West, not Muslims or Islam, used nuclear weapons on two Japanese cities killing half a million civilians, with many more dying since through radiation diseases. Fact 5: Jimmy Carter's Church in Georgia wouldn't even allow black people to be part of the congregation, until he pleaded with them in 1980 to allow them in. How's this for Christian intolerance. Fact 6: You talk of Israel. My country, the United Kingdom, gave Palestine to the Zionist in a document known as the Belfour declaration drawn up by Lord Belfour in the earlier 1900's. The UK didn't care about the people already living there, and then you wonder why the peoples of that region are angry. Tell you what, since you are so tolerant, why don't you let the Zionists have California or Texas as Israel. That will solve the conflict. Fact 7: Which is the only country in the history of the world to be convicted of State terrorism by the World Court in 1987? The USA against the civilian population of Nicaragua;-go find out for yourself. I think these examples will suffice for the seekers of truth.
2002-01-28

CHIRAG FROM USA said:
hello,
interesting article. I would be interested in such articles addressing the relationship between Islam and people who are not of the "book." Also,what does Islam have to say about the past conquests of other cultures? Are they always justified?
2002-01-27

ED MOUNT FROM USA said:
Islam tolerant? talk about rewriting History! I think you need to make a distinction between Islamic apologist and the "real" feelings demonstrated by the common Muslim man and (woman, when permitted!) on the street, reinforced by the Pakistani and Saudi Arabian religious schools which teach hate of all things Western. When I see the "tolerant Islamic community" accept the right of a Jewish state to exist. I'll believe in Islamic tolerance!!!!!
2002-01-25

TIMOTHE FROM USA said:
A most eloquent telling of a history that most people unfortunately are unaware of.
2002-01-25

SUSAN FROM AUSTRALIA said:
to Ahmed from the UK(2469)

that was a very important point you mentioned. this distinction says a lot to the many people who seem to be rejecting the contents of the article
2002-01-25

ROSE FROM BRITAIN said:
I call this cherry picking. The facts produced are indeed true, but one could pick a thousand facts from history for AND against the concepts of this article. It has picked only the cherries that prove it's point. The 'Western Christians' section can only be assumed to be speculation as it gives no evidence for its points. Throughout, the author picks on other religions in the same way they are trying to prevent being done to Islam itself; ie.he assumes and cherry picks. Much of the prejudice against Islam today is due to cherry picking by the western media. Articles such as this one, published just under 80 years ago simply are outdated and perpetuate the situation between our two cultures. Only when we accept our own faults, and accept our GENERAL equality, there will never be peace.
2002-01-24

AHMED FROM UK said:
Some people here have confused the West as it stands today as being built upon Jeudo-Christian teachings. The West of today is a Secular society and very anti-Christian. The only reason there is tolerance and freedom in the West is becasue the West has become distant from Christianity. Likewise there is intolerance in some Muslim countries because they have become distant from Islam, contrary to popular belief there is no Islamic State at the moment especially not Saudi Arabia, Iran or Afghanistan.
2002-01-24

TSHERBERT FROM USA said:
You strayed from the subject by focusing to much in the past. Although history is important we must live in the present. Today, toleration is not a virtue practiced actively throughout much of the Muslim. Majority States. As evidence we need to look no farther than those countries which are Muslim Majority Nations. As a prime example Saudi Arabia home to Mecca birth place of Islam is not known for its religious toleration. When was the last time they allowed the Mormon or Jehovah Witness go door to door in Medina? We can look at the most recent example of a country claiming to be based on Islam the Taliban in Afghanistan. They put in prison Christians doing missionary work? They faced the possibility of death! Iran another example of an Islam based government is struggling with its religion.

Although the history of the west is imperfect today it does represent a better example of toleration. It is ironic that many leave Muslim Majority states seeking religious freedom!

I have respect for Islam. I believe maybe mistakenly so that the God ( the one and only ) is the same for Jews, Christians and Muslims. That we come to understand God from differing perspective of the words that we read. But the best understanding of God is in ones heart. That the Old Testament made up of the Jewish Tradition, That the New Testament and the revelation of Christ and the Quran the revelation of Mohamed are tools to help us better understand the will of God.

As for toleration the present speaks for itself.
2002-01-24

NEAL FROM USA said:
Interesting article.It was published in 1927.It ignores the deeds of Mualim invaders in Indian subcontinent where they destroyed the temples and built mosques,taxed non muslims etc!!
When Islam was tolerent the muslims florished and when it became intolerant they perished! Same is true of all religions and nations!that is the reason USA is flourishing.
2002-01-24

PEDRO ACOSTA FROM MEXICO said:
Excellent article. Straightforward and accurate. It is sad that fanatacism in all religions and in all forms, blind us to our similarities and "sonship" of the same God.
2002-01-23

RICHARD FROM USA said:
It is no nearer correct to include all Christians when one is speaking of The Roman Catholic Church than it is to include all Muslims when one is speaking of Millitant Extremest Muslims. Catholics are as far away from Jesus' teaching as Islam terrorists are away from the teaching of Mohammad.
2002-01-23

JEFF MESKIN said:
To use the words "Islam" and "Tolerance" in the same sentence is oxymoronical. It is only in the Judeo-Christian West that all people are free to worship and practice their religion. In Muslim states around the globe there is no religious freedom. The recent debate regarding the US Marine Colonel who is required to dress in traditional Islamic clothing when she is off-base in Saudia Arabia.
2002-01-23

QADARA MUHAMMAD FROM USA said:
To learn more read the book, Holy War by Karen Armstrong.
2002-01-23

TONY MCCONNELL FROM USA said:
Dear Sirs:

Your history lesson is accurate. There is of course more to say about all religions and conversion by the sword, but that's another discussion. My only question is; why if Islam is so tolerant, they (Muslims) do not allow any other religions in the 'Kingdom'? You can teach the history of tolerance, but it is without merit if it does not apply to you today. Finally, the Copts and the Muslims really don't get along that well in Egypt.
2002-01-23

DON BROADWAY FROM UNITED STATES said:
Excellent article on past history but doesn't address current facts. Go even further with your religious rantings and find the Nazi's killing not only Jews but anybody who disagreed with them. Or the Communists who attempted to wipe out any faith at all. Go further into the world now and research country's that demand that all their people follow the State's dictated religion or be jailed.

Then look at a little English Colony comprised of many different faiths that in 1776 fought a revolution that has changed the world. IT HAD THE BELIEF THAT ALL PEOPLE SHOULD BE ABLE TO WORSHIP AS THEY BELIEVE!!

And now we suffer attacks on us for this belief. It is not us that should change, we still beleive in FREEDOM of Religion, it is for the intollerant to change. That has to be done from the Islamic religion to condemn the intollerant faction and FIGHT along the side of Freedom for all of us to worship as we believe.

As said, the article is historically correct, but we have to live in the present, not the past.
2002-01-22

DENNIS RECENES FROM USA said:
I am a christian for 55 years and find very few christians- catholics, orthodox, or other denominations who really know the teachings of Jesus. I do not know any believers of Islam-of which I am saddened.Before 9-11 I had a view of Islam that was commonly promoted by ignorance from others and the media. I want to thank all the believers of Islam who are now coming forth in the media and in the communities to explain their beliefs.The light that is revealed will wipe away the darkness of ignorance and the world will be a better place to live. Thank You Dennis Recenes- Florida
2002-01-21

DANIEL J BOLLINGER FROM USA said:
Brilliant, absolutely brilliant. A great article for ALL people's to read and digest.
If only more people believed in that.
2002-01-21

AHMAD FROM USA said:
The name calling continues unabated to this very day with ninety-nine percent of the media establishment referring to Muslims as "muzlims."
This reminds me of the story of the legendary Chief of Police, William Parker, of Los Angeles, CA, who had the habit of referring to Negroes (as blacks were officially termed in the 1950's) as "nigras" when he would give istructions to his officers during morning briefings.
2002-01-21

HYAT GHADBAN FROM CANADA said:
I really hope that this information and others like it are published in local newspapers for the world to see. Not only for non-Muslims, but for Muslims like me. I am sure that there are lots of our Muslim community that is lacking knowledge about Islam and information like this can only stretching our belief. May God help us on this earth and the hereafter.
2002-01-20

FATIMA FROM UNITED STATES said:
I really liked this article because it showed that the muslims are the real victims and not the fanatics. I wish that our history would be told more in magazines, newspapers, and shows. I know in private schools today people are being told that the muslims forced people to join their relgion or were killed, so I like reading articles like this. Nothing they say matters because Allah knows best.
2002-01-19

IMRAN FROM UK said:
Its also worth adding the racism and intolerance of Western Christians as reflected in modern times by the blind support of the apartheid Zionist state of Israel in suppressing their own Christian Palestinian brethren. Reminiscent of the times of the Crusades when irrespective of religion anything foreign (Arab in particular) was to be slaughtered and demonized. The bravery and justice of Salahadduin compared to the racism and intolerance of Richard the Lionheart, indeed the truth was victorious eventually.
2002-01-19

SHAK FROM UK said:
Its interesting to see Charles use the term "Mahomet" in his post. This is the exact kind of intolerance, Pickthall talks about in his article, who himself was a Christian and converted to Islam. For those of you who are not sure about the origins of this word, allow me to explain, the word "Mahomet" is derived from Maometis. The word Maometis means The number of the beast, i.e., 666 stuff . When the Christian polemics started a few centuries ago strong vituperative language was poured out upon Muhammad(peace be upon him) headed by Maracci, Prideaux and others. The word Mahoun and Mahound means Muhammad, imagined in the middle ages to be a pagan God. In Scottish this word means the devil [see: William Geddie (Ed.), Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary, W & R Chambers, Ltd, p. 640]

Its amazing to see Charles try and defend Christian tolerance and he uses a derogatory term for the Prophet of Islam, its a bit like someone trying to defend slavery in the US and using the term "nigger", we all know the kind of wavelength these people function on.
2002-01-19

CHARLES MARTEL FROM FRANKISH REALM said:
What a bunch of malarkey!

The first interaction of Muslims and Westerners was the brutal and inhuman attack of Europe at the beginning of the 8th century AD. This was turned back by the Franks, but left the Arabs in control of Spain. The strength of the Frankish defense of Europe impressed the Emperors of Byzantine, who called for their help through their contacts, the Roman Popes, when Muslims, particularly the Turks, attacked the Byzantines and Christians generally. Finally, some 4 (!)centuries after Tours, the Crusades began, not with the Franks, but with an odd assortment of other Europeans and a lot of miscommunication. Nonetheless, some early victories were realized and Jerusalem was made safe for Europeans -- not Christians as initially advertised. And when the A-team of Richard Coeur de Lion and company arrived on the scene, with even less understanding of the Middle East than the earlier Crusaders, they had a choice: let people in Jerusalem who I don't know from Adam live and face a possible revolt against our small army or just assume that non-Europeans are potential enemies and slaughter the bunch. Christianity, at this stage, had very little to do with it.

In summary, brutal attacks by the Muslims precipitated revenge by European warriors. The Muslims, including Mahomet, mocked the pacifism of the Christians. Then when the Christians' less pacific defenders beat them, they bellyache about the "intolerance" of the Christians.

Gimme a break!
2002-01-16