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Sahih Muslim 1129a (Book 13, Hadith 159) #9798
The Day of 'Ashura and Fasting

SUMMARY: This hadith is about the day of 'Ashura and how Mu'awiya b. Abu Sufyan encouraged people to fast on this day, but it was not obligatory.

Abd al-Rahman reported that he heard Mu'awiya b. Abu Sufyan delivering a sermon in Medina. i. e. when he came there (for Hajj). He delivered a sermon on the day of 'Ashura and said: People of Medina, where are your scholars? I heard the Messenger of Allah say on this very day: It is the day of 'Ashura. Allah has not made fasting on This day obligatory for you but I am fasting. He who likes to observe fast among you should do so, and he who likes not to observe it may not observe it.
حَدَّثَنِي حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي حُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، خَطِيبًا بِالْمَدِينَةِ - يَعْنِي فِي قَدْمَةٍ قَدِمَهَا - خَطَبَهُمْ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَقَالَ أَيْنَ عُلَمَاؤُكُمْ يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ لِهَذَا الْيَوْمِ ‏ "‏ هَذَا يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ وَلَمْ يَكْتُبِ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ صِيَامَهُ وَأَنَا صَائِمٌ فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَصُومَ فَلْيَصُمْ وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ فَلْيُفْطِرْ

TOPICS
fasting  *  optional  *  ashura

QUICK LESSONS:
Observe optional fasting on the Day of 'Ashura; Respect other people's decisions regarding religious practices; Show compassion towards others’ beliefs and opinions

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith is about the day of 'Ashura which is an important Islamic holiday celebrated by Muslims around the world. On this day, Mu'awiya b. Abu Sufyan delivered a sermon in Medina encouraging people to observe fasting if they wanted to do so but it was not obligatory for them to do so. This hadith teaches us that although fasting on this day is recommended and encouraged by Islam, it is ultimately up to each individual's discretion whether or not they choose to observe it as a religious practice. It also teaches us that we should respect other people's decisions when it comes to religious practices even if we may disagree with them or have different opinions on the matter ourselves.

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