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Jami at-Tirmidhi 2740 (Book 43, Hadith 5) #28375
Etiquette of Responding When Someone Sneezes

SUMMARY: This hadith explains the etiquette of responding to someone who sneezes, which is to say "Al-Hamdulillahi Rabbil-'Alamin (All praise is due to the Lord of all that exists)" and for the one responding to him say: Yarhamukallah (May Allah have mercy upon you)" and let him reply: Yaghfirullah Li Walakum (May Allah forgive me and you both).

Narrated Salim bin 'Ubaid: that he was with some people on a journey, and a man among the people sneezed and he said: "As-Salamu Alaikum (peace be upon you)". So he (Salim) said: "'Alaika Wa 'Ala Ummik (upon you and upon your mother)". It seemed as if that bothered the man, so he said: "Indeed I have not said except what the Prophet ﷺ said; a man sneezed in the presence of the Prophet ﷺ and said: 'As-Salamu 'Alaikum (peace be upon you)' so the Prophet ﷺ said: ''Alaika Wa 'Ala Ummik (upon you and upon your mother). When one of you sneezes let him say: "Al-Hamdulillahi Rabbil-'Alamin (All praise is due to the Lord of all that exists)" and let the one responding to him say: Yarhamukallah (May Allah have mercy upon you)" and let him reply: Yaghfirullah Li Walakum (May Allah forgive me and you both)".
حَدَّثَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ غَيْلاَنَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الزُّبَيْرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ هِلاَلِ بْنِ يِسَافٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ مَعَ الْقَوْمِ فِي سَفَرٍ فَعَطَسَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ فَقَالَ السَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكُمْ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ عَلَيْكَ وَعَلَى أُمِّكَ فَكَأَنَّ الرَّجُلَ وَجِدَ فِي نَفْسِهِ فَقَالَ أَمَا إِنِّي لَمْ أَقُلْ إِلاَّ مَا قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَطَسَ رَجُلٌ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ السَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكُمْ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ‏ "‏ عَلَيْكَ وَعَلَى أُمِّكَ إِذَا عَطَسَ أَحَدُكُمْ فَلْيَقُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ وَلْيَقُلْ لَهُ مَنْ يَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِ يَرْحَمُكَ اللَّهُ وَلْيَقُلْ يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لَنَا وَلَكُمْ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي رِوَايَتِهِ عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ وَقَدْ أَدْخَلُوا بَيْنَ هِلاَلِ بْنِ يِسَافٍ وَسَالِمٍ رَجُلاً
TOPICS
sneezing  *  etiquette  *  response  *  alaikum  *  rabbilalamin  *  yarhamukallah  *  walakum

QUICK LESSONS:
Say "As Salamu Alaikun" when someone has just sneeze; Respond with "'alaika wa ala ummi"; Say "al hamdullilah rabbial alameen"; Respond with "yarhamukallh"; Reply with "yagfirellah li walakun".

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith talks about how one should respond when someone sneezes. It was narrated by Salim bin 'Ubaid that he was with some people on a journey, and a man among them sneezed. The Prophet said that when this happens, one should say “As-Salamu Alaikum” which means “peace be upon you”. The person who responds should then say “'Alaika Wa 'Ala Ummik” which means “upon you and upon your mother”. The Prophet also said that when one of us sneeze we should say “ Al-Hamdulillahi Rabbil-'Alamin” which means “all praise is due to the Lord of all that exists”, while the person responding should say “Yarhamukallah” meaning may Allah have mercy on you, and then he can reply with saying "Yaghfirullah Li Walakum" meaning may Allah forgive me and you both". This hadith teaches us about good manners in response to someone who has just sneezed as well as showing respect for our mothers by mentioning them in our response.

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