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Jami at-Tirmidhi 1561 (Book 21, Hadith 18) #27166
Distribution of Spoils in War

SUMMARY: The Prophet ﷺ used to give a fourth of the spoils of war at the beginning of an expedition and a third during the return.

Narrated 'Ubadah bin As-Samit: "The Prophet used to confer a fourth of spoils of war in the early part of the expedition, and a third during the return". There are narrations on this topic from Ibn 'Abbas, Habib bin Maslamh, Ma'n bin Yazid, Ibn 'Umar, and Salamah bin Al-Akwa'. This Hadith of 'Ubadah is a Hasan Hadith. This Hadith has also been reported from Abu Salam from a man among the Companions of the Prophet .
حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلاَّمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ كَانَ يُنَفِّلُ فِي الْبَدْأَةِ الرُّبُعَ وَفِي الْقُفُولِ الثُّلُثَ ‏.‏ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَحَبِيبِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ وَمَعْنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ وَسَلَمَةَ بْنِ الأَكْوَعِ ‏.‏ وَحَدِيثُ عُبَادَةَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ ‏.‏ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ أَبِي سَلاَّمٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ .

TOPICS
spoils  *  war  *  expedition  *  distribution  *  fay  *  alharb  *  safar  *  tawliyah

QUICK LESSONS:
Share your wealth with those in need; Be generous even during times when resources are scarce; Do not forget about those who are less fortunate after achieving success/victory

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith is about how spoils from war should be distributed. According to this hadith narrated by Ubadah bin As-Samit and other companions of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ , it is recommended that when going on an expedition or war, one fourth of the spoils should be given away at the beginning and another third upon returning. This shows that Muslims are encouraged to share their wealth with those in need even during times when resources are scarce such as during wars or expeditions. It also teaches us that we should not forget about those who are less fortunate even when we have achieved success or victory in something like a battle or mission.

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