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Sahih al-Bukhari 2678 (Book 52, Hadith 39) #2561
The Five Pillars of Islam

SUMMARY: This hadith is about the five pillars of Islam and how one should only do what is compulsory and not more or less than that.

Narrated Talha bin 'Ubaidullah: A man came to Allah's Messenger ﷺ asking him about Islam, Allah's Messenger ﷺ said, "You have to offer five compulsory prayers in a day and a night (24 hours)". The man asked, "Is there any more compulsory prayers for me?" Allah's Messenger ﷺ said, "No, unless you like to offer Nawafil (ie optional prayers)". Allah's Messenger ﷺ then added, "You have to observe fasts during the month of Ramadan". The man said, "Am I to fast any other days?' Allah's Messenger ﷺ said, "No, unless you wish to observe the optional fast voluntarily". Then Allah's Messenger ﷺ told him about the compulsory Zakat. The man asked, "Do I have to give anything besides?" Allah's Messenger ﷺ said, "No, unless you wish to give in charity voluntarily". So, the man departed saying, "By Allah I will neither do more nor less than that". Allah's Messenger ﷺ said, "If he has said the truth he will be successful".
حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ أَبِي سُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ طَلْحَةَ بْنَ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَإِذَا هُوَ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الإِسْلاَمِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ‏"‏ خَمْسُ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي الْيَوْمِ وَاللَّيْلَةِ ‏"‏‏.‏ فَقَالَ هَلْ عَلَىَّ غَيْرُهَا قَالَ ‏"‏ لاَ، إِلاَّ أَنْ تَطَّوَّعَ ‏"‏‏.‏ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ‏"‏ وَصِيَامُ رَمَضَانَ ‏"‏‏.‏ قَالَ هَلْ عَلَىَّ غَيْرُهُ قَالَ ‏"‏ لاَ، إِلاَّ أَنْ تَطَّوَّعَ ‏"‏‏.‏ قَالَ وَذَكَرَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الزَّكَاةَ‏.‏ قَالَ هَلْ عَلَىَّ غَيْرُهَا قَالَ ‏"‏ لاَ، إِلاَّ أَنْ تَطَّوَّعَ ‏"‏‏.‏ فَأَدْبَرَ الرَّجُلُ وَهْوَ يَقُولُ وَاللَّهِ لاَ أَزِيدُ عَلَى هَذَا وَلاَ أَنْقُصُ‏.‏ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ‏"‏ أَفْلَحَ إِنْ صَدَقَ
TOPICS
islam  *  compulsory  *  optional  *  fivepillars

QUICK LESSONS:
Pray 5 times daily ; Fast during Ramadan ; Pay Zakat ; Perform Hajj if able ; Declare faith sincerely .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith talks about the five pillars of Islam which are obligatory for every Muslim to follow. These five pillars are prayer, fasting, Zakat, Hajj and Shahadah. Prayer consists of five daily prayers that must be performed at specific times throughout the day and night. Fasting during Ramadan is also compulsory for all Muslims who are able to do so. Zakat is a form of charity which must be paid by those who can afford it in order to help those in need. Hajj is a pilgrimage to Mecca which must be undertaken at least once in a lifetime by all Muslims who can afford it financially and physically. Lastly, Shahadah is the declaration of faith which states that there is no God but Allah and Muhammad ﷺis His messenger. The hadith also emphasizes that one should only do what has been made compulsory by Allah SWTand not more or less than that as this will lead to success in this life as well as the hereafter InshaAllah!

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