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Sunan Abi Dawud 2961 (Book 20, Hadith 34) #23251
Umar ibn al-Khattab's Justice and Protection

SUMMARY: Umar ibn al-Khattab was a just leader who provided protection for all people, regardless of their religion, and fixed stipends for Muslims.

Narrated Umar ibn al-Khattab: A son of Adi ibn Adi al-Kindi said that Umar ibn AbdulAziz wrote (to his governors): If anyone asks about the places where spoils (fay') should be spent, that should be done in accordance with the decision made by Umar ibn al-Khattab (Allah be pleased with him). The believers considered him to be just, according to the saying of the Prophet ﷺ: Allah has placed truth upon Umar's tongue and heart. He fixed stipends for Muslims, and provided protection for the people of other religions by levying jizyah (poll-tax) on them, deducting no fifth from it, nor taking it as booty.
حَدَّثَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَائِذٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ، حَدَّثَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ، حَدَّثَنِي فِيمَا، حَدَّثَهُ ابْنٌ لِعَدِيِّ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ الْكِنْدِيِّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، كَتَبَ إِنَّ مَنْ سَأَلَ عَنْ مَوَاضِعِ الْفَىْءِ، فَهُوَ مَا حَكَمَ فِيهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رضى الله عنه فَرَآهُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ عَدْلاً مُوَافِقًا لِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ‏ "‏ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ الْحَقَّ عَلَى لِسَانِ عُمَرَ وَقَلْبِهِ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ فَرَضَ الأَعْطِيَةَ وَعَقَدَ لأَهْلِ الأَدْيَانِ ذِمَّةً بِمَا فُرِضَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الْجِزْيَةِ لَمْ يَضْرِبْ فِيهَا بِخُمُسٍ وَلاَ مَغْنَمٍ
TOPICS
justice  *  protection  *  stipends  *  religion  *  qisas  *  jizyah

QUICK LESSONS:
Respect the rights of everyone in your society; Be fair in your dealings with others; Treat everyone equally regardless of their beliefs; Fix stipends for Muslims; Levy jizyah on non-Muslims without taking any fifth from it or using it as booty.

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith speaks about the justice of Umar ibn al-Khattab, one of the companions of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). He was known to be a just leader who provided protection for all people, regardless of their religion. He also fixed stipends for Muslims and levied jizyah (poll tax) on non-Muslims without taking any fifth from it or using it as booty. This shows that he respected the rights of everyone in his society and treated them equally. His justice was so renowned that even Prophet Muhammad said “Allah has placed truth upon Umar's tongue and heart”. This hadith teaches us to be fair in our dealings with others no matter what their beliefs are, as well as to respect the rights of everyone in our society.

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