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Sunan Abi Dawud 2444 (Book 14, Hadith 132) #22735
Fasting on Ashura Day

SUMMARY: The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) found the Jews fasting on the day of Ashura and upon inquiry, they said it was to commemorate Moses' victory over Pharaoh. The Prophet then ordered Muslims to fast on that day as well, as they had a closer connection with Moses than the Jews.

Ibn 'Abbas said: When the Prophet came to Medina, he found the Jews observing fast on the day of Ashura; so they were asked about it (by the Prophet). They said: This is a day on which Allah gave Moses domination over Pharaoh. We fast on it out of reverence to him. The Messenger of Allah said: We have a closer connection with Moses than you have. He then gave orders that it should be observed.
حَدَّثَنَا زِيَادُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بِشْرٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ لَمَّا قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ الْمَدِينَةَ وَجَدَ الْيَهُودَ يَصُومُونَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَسُئِلُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالُوا هَذَا الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي أَظْهَرَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ مُوسَى عَلَى فِرْعَوْنَ وَنَحْنُ نَصُومُهُ تَعْظِيمًا لَهُ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ‏ "‏ نَحْنُ أَوْلَى بِمُوسَى مِنْكُمْ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ

QUICK LESSONS:
Fast on Ashura Day out of reverence for Moses' victory over Pharaoh

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith tells us about how Muslims observe the day of Ashura. It is a day that commemorates Moses' victory over Pharaoh and his people in Egypt. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), upon learning this from the Jews, ordered Muslims to fast on this day too, as they have a closer connection with Moses than them. This teaches us that we should remember our past heroes and their accomplishments so we can be inspired by them in our own lives today. We should also strive to follow their example of faithfulness and perseverance in order for us to achieve success in our own lives too.

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