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Sahih Muslim 1126a (Book 13, Hadith 148) #9787
Fasting on Ashura in Pre-Islamic Days

SUMMARY: The hadith is about the pre-Islamic Arabs observing fast on the day of Ashura and how it became optional for Muslims after fasting in Ramadan became obligatory.

Abdullah b. 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that (the Arabs of) pre-Islamic days used to observe fast on the day of Ashura and the Messenger of Allah observed it and the Muslims too (observed it) before fasting in Ramadan became obligatory. But when it became obligatory, the Messenger of Allah said: 'Ashura is one of the days of Allah, so he who wished should observe fast and he who wished otherwise should abandon it.
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، ح وَحَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، - وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، رضى الله عنهما أَنَّ أَهْلَ، الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كَانُوا يَصُومُونَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَامَهُ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْتَرَضَ رَمَضَانُ فَلَمَّا افْتُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ‏ "‏ إِنَّ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمٌ مِنْ أَيَّامِ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ

TOPICS
fast  *  obligatory  *  ashura  *  days

QUICK LESSONS:
Observe fast if one wishes; follow Islamic teachings; take fasting seriously.

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith talks about how pre-Islamic Arabs used to observe fast on the day of Ashura and how Prophet Muhammad also observed it. After fasting in Ramadan became obligatory for Muslims, Prophet Muhammad said that those who wished to observe fast on the day of Ashura could do so but those who did not wish to do so could abandon it. This shows us that although fasting is an important part of Islam and should be taken seriously, we should also have flexibility when it comes to religious practices as long as they are not against Islamic teachings.

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