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Sunan Abi Dawud 4352 (Book 40, Hadith 2) #24643
Shedding of a Muslim's Blood

SUMMARY: The shedding of a Muslim's blood is only permissible in three cases: adultery, murder, and apostasy.

'Abd Allah (b. Mas'ud) reported the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) as saying: The blood of a Muslim man who testifies that there is no god but Allah and that I am the Messenger of Allah should not be lawfully shed but only for one of three reasons: married fornicator, soul for soul, and one who deserts his religion separating himself from the community.
حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَوْنٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ‏ "‏ لاَ يَحِلُّ دَمُ رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلاَّ بِإِحْدَى ثَلاَثٍ الثَّيِّبُ الزَّانِي وَالنَّفْسُ بِالنَّفْسِ وَالتَّارِكُ لِدِينِهِ الْمُفَارِقُ لِلْجَمَاعَةِ

TOPICS
blood  *  permissible  *  adultery  *  murder  *  apostasy

QUICK LESSONS:
Respect life by not taking away another person’s life without justification or permission from Allah SWT . Do not commit adultery as it goes against Islamic teachings . Do not leave Islam and separate yourself from the community of believers .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith from the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ teaches us that the shedding of a Muslim's blood is only permissible in three cases; adultery, murder, and apostasy. Adultery is when someone has sexual relations with someone they are not married to. Murder is taking another person’s life without justification or permission from Allah SWT. Apostasy is when someone leaves Islam and separates themselves from the community of believers. In all other cases it is forbidden to shed the blood of a Muslim man or woman as it would be considered an act of injustice and oppression which are both prohibited in Islam.

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