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Sahih al-Bukhari 2458 (Book 46, Hadith 19) #2353
Settling Disputes Fairly

SUMMARY: This hadith explains that when a person is settling disputes between two people, they should be fair and just in their judgement. If they make a mistake, then it is up to the wronged party to accept or reject the judgement.

Narrated Um Salama: (the wife of the Prophet) Allah's Messenger heard some people quarreling at the door of his dwelling. He came out and said, "I am only a human being, and opponents come to me (to settle their problems); maybe someone amongst you can present his case more eloquently than the other, whereby I may consider him true and give a verdict in his favor. So, If I give the right of a Muslim to another by mistake, then it is really a portion of (Hell) Fire, he has the option to take or give up (before the Day of Resurrection).
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتَ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّ أُمَّهَا أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ ـ رضى الله عنها ـ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ أَخْبَرَتْهَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ خُصُومَةً بِبَابِ حُجْرَتِهِ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَقَالَ ‏ "‏ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ وَإِنَّهُ يَأْتِينِي الْخَصْمُ، فَلَعَلَّ بَعْضَكُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَبْلَغَ مِنْ بَعْضٍ، فَأَحْسِبُ أَنَّهُ صَدَقَ، فَأَقْضِيَ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ، فَمَنْ قَضَيْتُ لَهُ بِحَقِّ مُسْلِمٍ فَإِنَّمَا هِيَ قِطْعَةٌ مِنَ النَّارِ، فَلْيَأْخُذْهَا أَوْ فَلْيَتْرُكْهَا

TOPICS
justice  *  judgement  *  mistake  *  righteousness  *  adl  *  qadaa  *  khataa  *  birr

QUICK LESSONS:
Strive for justice at all times while settling disputes between two people. Be fair and just in your judgements even if you make mistakes while doing so .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith explains that when settling disputes between two people, one should be fair and just in their judgement. If by mistake a Muslim's right is given to another person, then it will be considered as part of Hellfire for them on the Day of Resurrection. It is up to the wronged party whether they want to accept or reject this judgement before the Day of Resurrection. This hadith teaches us about justice and righteousness and how important it is for us to ensure fairness in our judgements even if we make mistakes while doing so. We must also remember that Allah will judge us on our actions on The Day of Judgment so we must strive for justice at all times.

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