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Sunan Abi Dawud 3000 (Book 20, Hadith 73) #23290
Patience and Forgiveness in Times of Persecution

SUMMARY: The Prophet ﷺ showed patience and forgiveness when the people of Madeena hurt him and his companions. He then wrote a deed of agreement between them to ensure that they would not hurt him or the Muslims in general.

Ka’ab bin Malik who was one of those whose repentance was accepted said that: "Ka’ab bin Al Ashraf used to satire the Prophet ﷺ and incited the infidels of the Quraish against him. When the Prophet ﷺ came to Madeena, its people were intermixed, some of them were Muslims and others polytheists aho worshipped idols and some were Jews. They used to hurt the Prophet ﷺ and his Companions. Then Allaah Most High commanded His Prophet to show patience and forgiveness. So Allaah revealed about them "And ye shall certainly hear much that will grieve you from those who receive Book before you". When Ka’ab bin Al Ashraf refused to desist from hurting the Prophet ﷺ the Prophetﷺ ordered Sa’d bin Mu’adh to send a band to kill him. He sent Muhammad bin Maslamah and mentioned the story of his murder. When they killed him, the Jews and the polytheist were frightened. Next day they came to the Prophet ﷺ and said "Our Companions were attacked and night and killed". The Prophetﷺ informed them about that which he would say. The Prophet ﷺ then called them so that he could write a deed of agreement between him and them and they should fulfill its provisions and desist from hurting him. He then wrote a deed of agreement between him and them and the Muslims in general".
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ فَارِسٍ، أَنَّ الْحَكَمَ بْنَ نَافِعٍ، حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، - وَكَانَ أَحَدَ الثَّلاَثَةِ الَّذِينَ تِيبَ عَلَيْهِمْ - وَكَانَ كَعْبُ بْنُ الأَشْرَفِ يَهْجُو النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَيُحَرِّضُ عَلَيْهِ كُفَّارَ قُرَيْشٍ وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ حِينَ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَأَهْلُهَا أَخْلاَطٌ مِنْهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ يَعْبُدُونَ الأَوْثَانَ وَالْيَهُودُ وَكَانُوا يُؤْذُونَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابَهُ فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ نَبِيَّهُ بِالصَّبْرِ وَالْعَفْوِ فَفِيهِمْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ‏{‏ وَلَتَسْمَعُنَّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ ‏}‏ الآيَةَ فَلَمَّا أَبَى كَعْبُ بْنُ الأَشْرَفِ أَنْ يَنْزِعَ عَنْ أَذَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ سَعْدَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ رَهْطًا يَقْتُلُونَهُ فَبَعَثَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ وَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ قَتْلِهِ فَلَمَّا قَتَلُوهُ فَزِعَتِ الْيَهُودُ وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ فَغَدَوْا عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالُوا طُرِقَ صَاحِبُنَا فَقُتِلَ ‏.‏ فَذَكَرَ لَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الَّذِي كَانَ يَقُولُ وَدَعَاهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلَى أَنْ يَكْتُبَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُمْ كِتَابًا يَنْتَهُونَ إِلَى مَا فِيهِ فَكَتَبَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَامَّةً صَحِيفَةً
TOPICS
patience  *  forgiveness  *  agreement  *  persecution  *  sabr  *  maghfirah  *  aqd

QUICK LESSONS:
Show patience & forgiveness even if wronged; Strive for peace; Trust Allah's plan; Follow Prophet's example .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith is about how the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) showed patience and forgiveness when he was persecuted by the people of Madeena. Despite being hurt, he chose to show mercy instead of revenge, which is an example for us all to follow. He also wrote a deed of agreement between himself and them so that they would not hurt him or any other Muslims again. This teaches us that we should always strive for peace even if we are wronged, as it will benefit us more than taking revenge ever could. We should also remember that Allah is always watching over us, so no matter what happens we can trust Him to take care of it in His own way.

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