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Sunan Abi Dawud 2950 (Book 20, Hadith 23) #23240
Fairness and Justice in Distributing Spoils of War

SUMMARY: The hadith is about the importance of fairness and justice in distributing spoils of war, with precedence given to those who accepted Islam earlier, endured hardship, have children and are in need.

Narrated Umar ibn al-Khattab: Malik ibn Aws ibn al-Hadthan said: One day Umar ibn al-Khattab mentioned the spoils of war and said: I am not more entitled to this spoil of war than you; and none of us is more entitled to it than another, except that we occupy our positions fixed by the Book of Allah, Who is Great and Glorious, and the division made by the Messenger of Allah , people being arranged according to their precedence in accepting Islam, the hardship they have endured their having children and their need.
حَدَّثَنَا النُّفَيْلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ، قَالَ ذَكَرَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ يَوْمًا الْفَىْءَ فَقَالَ مَا أَنَا بِأَحَقَّ، بِهَذَا الْفَىْءِ مِنْكُمْ وَمَا أَحَدٌ مِنَّا بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلاَّ أَنَّا عَلَى مَنَازِلِنَا مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَقَسْمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ فَالرَّجُلُ وَقِدَمُهُ وَالرَّجُلُ وَبَلاَؤُهُ وَالرَّجُلُ وَعِيَالُهُ وَالرَّجُلُ وَحَاجَتُهُ

TOPICS
spoils  *  war  *  fairness  *  justice  *  precedence  *  acceptance

QUICK LESSONS:
Strive for fairness when it comes to sharing resources or rewards among people; Consider those who are most vulnerable or disadvantaged first before others; Give precedence based on acceptance; Allocate rewards fairly.

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith speaks about the importance of fairness and justice when it comes to distributing spoils of war. Umar ibn al-Khattab was emphasizing that no one should be more entitled to these spoils than another person. He suggested that people should be arranged according to their precedence in accepting Islam, the hardship they have endured, having children and their need. This teaches us that we must always strive for fairness when it comes to sharing resources or rewards among people. We must also consider those who are most vulnerable or disadvantaged first before others so as not to create any form of injustice or inequality among them.

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