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Sunan Abi Dawud 2442 (Book 14, Hadith 130) #22733
Fasting on Ashura

SUMMARY: The Quraish used to fast on the day of Ashura in pre-Islamic days and the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) continued this practice when he arrived in Medina. When fasting during Ramadan was made obligatory, fasting on Ashura became optional.

'Aishah said: The Quraish used to fast on the day of Ashura in pre Islamic days. The Messenger of Allah would fast on it in pre-Islamic period. When the Messenger of Allah came to Medina, he fasted on it and commanded to fast on it. When the fast of Ramadan was prescribed, that became obligatory, and (fasting on) Ashura was abandoned. He who wishes may fast on it and he who wishes may leave it.
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، - رضى الله عنها - قَالَتْ كَانَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمًا تَصُومُهُ قُرَيْشٌ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ يَصُومُهُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ الْمَدِينَةَ صَامَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ كَانَ هُوَ الْفَرِيضَةَ وَتُرِكَ عَاشُورَاءُ فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ

QUICK LESSONS:
Respect your traditions and customs; Be open minded; Adapt if needed; Fast optionally if you wish

EXPLANATIONS:
Before Islam, the Quraish tribe used to fast on the day of Ashurah as a sign of respect and remembrance. When Prophet Muhammad arrived in Medina, he continued this practice and commanded others to do so as well. However, when fasting during Ramadan was made obligatory, fasting on Ashurah became optional for those who wished to do so. This hadith teaches us that we should be respectful towards our traditions and customs while also being open minded enough to accept change if it is beneficial for us or society at large. It also shows us that we should not be too rigid with our beliefs but instead be flexible enough to adapt if needed.

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