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Sunan Abi Dawud 2316 (Book 14, Hadith 4) #22607
Paying Ransom for Fasting

SUMMARY: This hadith explains that if someone is unable to fast due to illness or travel, they can pay ransom by providing food to an indigent person and their fast will be complete.

Ibn 'Abbas explain the Qur’anic verse "For those who can do it(with hardship) is a ransom, the feeding of one, that is indigent" said "If one of them wished to pay ransom by providing food to an indigent person he could pay ransom. Thus, his fast was complete. Allaah, the Exalted pronounced "But he that will give more of his own free will, it is better for him". Again he pronounced "So every one of you who is present (at his home) during that month should spend it in fasting". But, if anyone is ill or on a journey the prescribed period (should be made up) by days later.
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ النَّحْوِيِّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، ‏{‏ وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ ‏}‏ فَكَانَ مَنْ شَاءَ مِنْهُمْ أَنْ يَفْتَدِيَ بِطَعَامِ مِسْكِينٍ افْتَدَى وَتَمَّ لَهُ صَوْمُهُ فَقَالَ ‏{‏ فَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَهُ وَأَنْ تَصُومُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ ‏}‏ وَقَالَ ‏{‏ فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ

TOPICS
fasting  *  ransom  *  indigent  *  siyam  *  fidya  *  fuqaraa  *  quran  *  verse

QUICK LESSONS:
Fast when able and provide food for those in need when unable .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith explains the Quranic verse "For those who can do it(with hardship) is a ransom, the feeding of one, that is indigent". It states that if someone cannot fast due to illness or travel, they can pay ransom by providing food to an indigent person and their fast will be complete. Allaah also pronounced "But he that will give more of his own free will, it is better for him" which means it's better if one gives more than what's required out of their own free will. Additionally, Allaah pronounced "So every one of you who is present during that month should spend it in fasting." However, if anyone is ill or on a journey the prescribed period should be made up by days later.

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