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Sunan Abi Dawud 2190 (Book 13, Hadith 16) #22481
Necessity of Possession

SUMMARY: Possession is a necessary condition for divorce, sale transaction and fulfilling a vow.

'Amr b. Shu'aib on his father's authority said that his grandfather (Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-'As): The Prophet said: There is no divorce except in what you possess; there is no possession, there is no sale transaction till you possess. The narrator Ibn as-Sabbah added: There is no fulfilling a vow till you possess.
حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ، ح وَحَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الصَّبَّاحِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ، قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا مَطَرٌ الْوَرَّاقُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ قَالَ ‏"‏ لاَ طَلاَقَ إِلاَّ فِيمَا تَمْلِكُ وَلاَ عِتْقَ إِلاَّ فِيمَا تَمْلِكُ وَلاَ بَيْعَ إِلاَّ فِيمَا تَمْلِكُ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ زَادَ ابْنُ الصَّبَّاحِ ‏"‏ وَلاَ وَفَاءَ نَذْرٍ إِلاَّ فِيمَا تَمْلِكُ

TOPICS
divorce  *  transaction  *  vow  *  possession

QUICK LESSONS:
Have possession before taking any action such as divorce ,sale transaction or fulfilling a vow .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith explains the importance of possession in certain matters such as divorce, sale transaction and fulfilling a vow. It is narrated by 'Amr b. Shu'aib on his father's authority said that his grandfather Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-'As and the narrator Ibn as-Sabbah added to it further information about possession being necessary for fulfilling a vow too. This hadith teaches us that we should not take any action without having possession first because it will be invalid otherwise according to this hadith from Prophet Muhammad ﷺ . We should also remember that if we make any promises or vows then we must fulfill them once we have possession of what was promised or vowed for in order to be true to our word and uphold our integrity in front of Allah SWT .

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