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Sahih Muslim 1456a (Book 17, Hadith 41) #10745
Marriage of Captive Women in Islam

SUMMARY: This hadith explains that it is permissible for Muslims to marry women who are already married, as long as they are captives of war.

Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (Allah her pleased with him) reported that at the Battle of Hunayn Allah's Messenger sent an army to Autas and encountered the enemy and fought with them. Having overcome them and taken them captives, the Companions of Allah's Messenger (may peace te upon him) seemed to refrain from having intercourse with captive women because of their husbands being polytheists. Then Allah, Most High, sent down regarding that: " And women already married, except those whom your right hands possess (iv. 24)" (i. e. they were lawful for them when their 'Idda period came to an end).
حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ الْقَوَارِيرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ، بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَلْقَمَةَ الْهَاشِمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، الْخُدْرِيِّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ بَعَثَ جَيْشًا إِلَى أَوْطَاسٍ فَلَقُوا عَدُوًّا فَقَاتَلُوهُمْ فَظَهَرُوا عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَصَابُوا لَهُمْ سَبَايَا فَكَأَنَّ نَاسًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ تَحَرَّجُوا مِنْ غِشْيَانِهِنَّ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَزْوَاجِهِنَّ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي ذَلِكَ ‏{‏ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلاَّ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ‏}‏ أَىْ فَهُنَّ لَكُمْ حَلاَلٌ إِذَا انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهُنَّ

TOPICS
marriage  *  captives  *  war  *  permissible

QUICK LESSONS:
Follow religious laws even in difficult situations ; Be mindful of one’s actions even during times of war or conflict ; Respect for others regardless of religion ; Understand one’s rights and responsibilities according to Islamic law ; Show compassion towards those who are vulnerable .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith explains the Islamic ruling on marriage with captive women. According to this hadith, Allah's Messenger sent an army to Autas and encountered the enemy and fought with them. After overcoming them and taking them captives, some of the Companions of Allah's Messenger seemed to refrain from having intercourse with captive women because their husbands were polytheists. However, Allah then revealed a verse in the Quran which stated that it was permissible for Muslims to marry these captive women after their 'Idda period came to an end. This ruling is still applicable today in certain circumstances such as when a Muslim man captures a woman during war or if he finds her alone without any family or guardianship. In such cases, it is permissible for him to marry her after her 'Idda period ends according to Islamic law.

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