john tolan - IslamiCity

Browse IslamiCity

Quran
Quran+
Hadith
Prayer Times
ChatILM^AI
ASK Dear Hadi
Ramadan
Videos
More

Follow IslamiCity On...

Facebook X (Twitter) Instagram Youtube TikTok Pinterest

Listen PodCasts, Live Quran, Watch Videos @VideoHub

LISTEN Quran (LIVE) LISTEN (PODCASTS) WATCH (VIDEOHUB)

Follow Us

Quran
Hadith
Prayer Times
ChatILM^AI
Ramadan
Videos
More
Donate
Search

IslamiCity Site Map

Essentials & Guidance

Islam
Allah (God)
Quran
Quran+
Hadith
Pray Watch (Times)
Hijri Converter
Dua (Supplication)
Understanding Islam
Zakat Calculator

Community & Services

ChatILM (AI Assistant)
Ask Dear Hadi (Q&A)
Ask the Imam (Q&A)
Live Chat & Call (Q&A)
Forum
Get a Free Quran
Join Our Newsletter
Become a Subscriber
Become a Member

Beliefs & Pillars

Allah (99 Names)
Articles of Faith
Shahada (Declaration of Faith)
Salat (Prayers)
Zakat (Charity)
Ramadan
Hajj (Pilgrimage)

Media & Insights

Apps
Covers
Food Recipes
Insights
Muslim Names
Islamic Glossary
Islamic Quiz
Islamic Quiz Game
VideoHub
Podcasts

Knowledge & Wisdom

Faith & Spirituality
Life & Society
Nature & Science
Browse by Authors
Browse by Values & Character
Browse by Topics
Browse by Sources
Browse by Channels

World Affairs & Ummah

Human Rights
Peace & Justice
News & Analysis
Americas
Europe
Australia
Asia
Africa
Middle East

HADI Projects

Allah.org
Islam.org
HADI Relief
HalalX
IslamiCity Academy
CLASSRoad

About IslamiCity

About Us
Contact Us
Milestones
Privacy Policy
Publish with Us

Support Us

Donate
Bazar Store
Car Donations
Endowment (Waqf)
Islamic Wills
Sponsorship Ads
Web Hosting

Follow Us

Facebook
X (Twitter)
Instagram
YouTube
TikTok
Pinterest

© 1995 - 2026 IslamiCity. All rights reserved.
IslamiCity ™ is a registered trademark of HADI, a nonprofit 501 (c)(3) organization. (EIN: 95-4348674)

loading...

IslamiCity

Advanced options

Search in: Title Authors/Source/By Category (Apps, Videos, Articles ) Prefix

Search options: Fuzzy

Combine multiple terms with: OR AND

By: John Tolan

Muhammad: An Anticlerical Hero of the European Enlightenment

Muhammad: An Anticlerical Hero of the European Enlightenment

John Tolan on Christians Sep 20, 2023 ·

Services

Hadith Search
Dua
Hijri Converter
Insights
VideoHub
Quran+
Quran Search
Live Chat
Free Quran

Essentials & Guidance

Islam
Allah (God)
Quran
Quran+
Hadith
Pray Watch (Times)
Hijri Converter
Dua (Supplication)
Understanding Islam
Zakat Calculator

Community & Services

ChatILM (AI Assistant)
Ask Dear Hadi (Q&A)
Ask the Imam (Q&A)
Live Chat & Call (Q&A)
Forum
Get a Free Quran
Join Our Newsletter
Become a Subscriber
Become a Member

Beliefs & Pillars

Allah (99 Names)
Articles of Faith
Shahada (Declaration of Faith)
Salat (Prayers)
Zakat (Charity)
Ramadan
Hajj (Pilgrimage)

Media & Insights

Apps
Covers
Food Recipes
Insights
Muslim Names
Islamic Glossary
Islamic Quiz
Islamic Quiz Game
VideoHub
Podcasts

Knowledge & Wisdom

Faith & Spirituality
Life & Society
Nature & Science
Browse by Authors
Browse by Values & Character
Browse by Topics
Browse by Sources
Browse by Channels

World Affairs & Ummah

Human Rights
Peace & Justice
News & Analysis
Americas
Europe
Australia
Asia
Africa
Middle East

HADI Projects

Allah.org
Islam.org
HADI Relief
HalalX
IslamiCity Academy
CLASSRoad

About IslamiCity

About Us
Contact Us
Milestones
Privacy Policy
Publish with Us

Support Us

Donate
Bazar Store
Car Donations
Endowment (Waqf)
Islamic Wills
Sponsorship Ads
Web Hosting

Follow Us

Facebook
X (Twitter)
Instagram
YouTube
TikTok
Pinterest

© 1995 - 2026 IslamiCity. All rights reserved.
IslamiCity ™ is a registered trademark of HADI, a nonprofit 501 (c)(3) organization. (EIN: 95-4348674)

Insights Quran Search 99 Names of Allah Live Chat Hijri Converter Quran+ Recipes Newsletter Dua Prayer Times Hadith Search Podcasts ChatILM VideoHub Free Quran See More

9/14/2026 13:03:53 PM@32s1a@