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Sahih Muslim 1130c (Book 13, Hadith 164) #9803
Fasting on Ashura

SUMMARY: The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) asked the Jews why they were fasting on the day of Ashura, and they told him it was to commemorate when Allah saved Moses and his people from Pharaoh. The Prophet then said that Muslims have a closer connection with Moses than the Jews do, so he ordered them to fast on that day as well.

Ibn'Abbas (Allah be pleased with both of them) reported that the Messenger of Allah arrived in Medina and found the Jews observing fast on the day of 'Ashura. The Messenger of Allah said to them: What is the (significance) of this day that you observe fast on it? They said: It is the day of great (significance) when Allah delivered Moses and his people, and drowned the Pharaoh and his people, and Moses observed fast out of gratitude and we also observe it. Upon this the Messenger of Allah said: We have more right, and we have a closer connection with Moses than you have; so Allah's Messenger observed fast (on the day of 'Ashura), and gave orders that it should be observed.
وَحَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، - رضى الله عنهما - أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَوَجَدَ الْيَهُودَ صِيَامًا يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ‏"‏ مَا هَذَا الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي تَصُومُونَهُ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ فَقَالُوا هَذَا يَوْمٌ عَظِيمٌ أَنْجَى اللَّهُ فِيهِ مُوسَى وَقَوْمَهُ وَغَرَّقَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَقَوْمَهُ فَصَامَهُ مُوسَى شُكْرًا فَنَحْنُ نَصُومُهُ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ‏"‏ فَنَحْنُ أَحَقُّ وَأَوْلَى بِمُوسَى مِنْكُمْ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ فَصَامَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ

TOPICS
fast  *  moses  *  gratitude  *  ashura

QUICK LESSONS:
Obey orders from God and His Messenger; Show respect towards other religions; Express gratitude through acts such as prayer or fasting; Be thankful for God's blessings

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith is about the importance of fasting on the day of Ashura. It is narrated by Ibn Abbas who reported that when Prophet Muhammad arrived in Medina, he found out that Jews were fasting on this day to commemorate when Allah saved Moses and his people from Pharaoh. When asked why they were doing this, they explained it was out of gratitude for what Allah had done for them. Upon hearing this, Prophet Muhammad said Muslims have a closer connection with Moses than Jews do so he ordered them to fast as well in order to show their gratitude towards Allah's blessings. This hadith teaches us how important it is for us to be grateful towards God's blessings and how we should express our gratitude through acts such as fasting or prayer.

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