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Sahih Muslim 570b (Book 5, Hadith 108) #8422
Compensating Forgotten Prayers

SUMMARY: The Prophet (PBUH) stood up for the noon prayer after two rak'ahs and performed two prostrations to compensate for forgetting to observe Jalsa.

'Abdullah b. Buhaina al-Asadi, the ally of Abd al-Muttalib, reported: The Messenger of Allah stood up in the noon prayer (though) he hadith sit (after the two rak'ahs). When he completed the prayer he performed two prostrations and said," Allah is the Most Great" in each prostration, while he was sitting before pronouncing salutation, and the people performed prostration along with him. That was a compensation for he had forgotten to observe Jalsa (after two rak'ahs).
وَحَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا لَيْثٌ، ح قَالَ وَحَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ رُمْحٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ الأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ابْنِ بُحَيْنَةَ الأَسْدِيِّ، حَلِيفِ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَامَ فِي صَلاَةِ الظُّهْرِ وَعَلَيْهِ جُلُوسٌ فَلَمَّا أَتَمَّ صَلاَتَهُ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ يُكَبِّرُ فِي كُلِّ سَجْدَةٍ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ وَسَجَدَهُمَا النَّاسُ مَعَهُ مَكَانَ مَا نَسِيَ مِنَ الْجُلُوسِ

TOPICS
prayer  *  prostration  *  compensation  *  forgetting

QUICK LESSONS:
Make sincere repentance if you forget your prayers or make mistakes during them; strive to do better in your religious practices; perform extra prostrations as prescribed by Islamic teachings; say “Allah is the Most Great” during each prostration before pronouncing salutation; be forgiving towards others who have made mistakes during their prayers.

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith is about the importance of prayer in Islam and how one should make up for any forgotten prayers. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was performing his noon prayer when he realized that he had forgotten to observe Jalsa after two rak'ahs. To make up for this mistake, he performed two prostrations while saying "Allah is the Most Great" in each prostration before pronouncing salutation. This shows us that even though we may forget our prayers or make mistakes during them, we can still make up for it by performing extra prostrations or other forms of repentance as prescribed by Islamic teachings. It also teaches us that Allah is always forgiving and merciful towards those who sincerely repent and strive to do better in their religious practices.

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