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Sahih al-Bukhari 4504 (Book 65, Hadith 31) #4292
Fasting During Pre-Islamic Period and After

SUMMARY: The Prophet (ﷺ) used to observe fasting on the day of 'Ashura' during the Pre-lslamic Period of ignorance, but when he came to Medina, he fasted on that day and ordered the Muslims to fast on it. When Ramadan was revealed, fasting in Ramadan became an obligation and fasting on 'Ashura' was given up.

Narrated Aisha: During the Pre-lslamic Period of ignorance the Quraish used to observe fasting on the day of 'Ashura', and the Prophet himself used to observe fasting on it too. But when he came to Medina, he fasted on that day and ordered the Muslims to fast on it. When (the order of compulsory fasting in ) Ramadan was revealed, fasting in Ramadan became an obligation, and fasting on 'Ashura' was given up, and who ever wished to fast (on it) did so, and whoever did not wish to fast on it, did not fast.
حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ـ رضى الله عنها ـ قَالَتْ كَانَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ تَصُومُهُ قُرَيْشٌ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ يَصُومُهُ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ صَامَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ رَمَضَانُ كَانَ رَمَضَانُ الْفَرِيضَةَ، وَتُرِكَ عَاشُورَاءُ، فَكَانَ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ، وَمَنْ شَاءَ لَمْ يَصُمْهُ‏.‏

TOPICS
fasting  *  obligation  *  ashura  *  saum  *  jahiliyyah  *  fardh  *  madinah  *  preislamic  *  medina

QUICK LESSONS:
Follow religious obligations set by Allah ; Respect traditions practiced by Prophet Muhammad ﷺ .

EXPLANATIONS:
During the pre-Islamic period of ignorance, known as Jahiliyyah in Arabic, people used to observe a day of fasting called Ashura. This practice continued when Prophet Muhammad ﷺ arrived in Madinah. He also observed this fast and asked his followers to do so as well. However, when Allah revealed the obligation of fasting during Ramadan each year, this practice was no longer necessary for Muslims and those who wished could still observe it if they wanted. This hadith teaches us that we should be willing to accept changes from Allah even if we are already accustomed to something else; our faith should always come first before any other practices or customs we may have grown up with or been accustomed too.

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