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Sahih al-Bukhari 4501 (Book 65, Hadith 28) #4289
Fasting on 'Ashura': Optional or Compulsory?

SUMMARY: The hadith is about the fasting of 'Ashura' (10th of Muharram) which was observed by people before Islam, but when the order of compulsory fasting in Ramadan was revealed, it became optional to fast on 'Ashura'.

Narrated Ibn 'Umar: Fasting was observed on the day of 'Ashura' (ie 10th of Muharram) by the people of the Pre-lslamic Period. But when (the order of compulsory fasting) in the month of Ramadan was revealed, the Prophet said, "It is up to one to fast on it (ie day of 'Ashura') or not".
حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي نَافِعٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ قَالَ كَانَ عَاشُورَاءُ يَصُومُهُ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ رَمَضَانُ قَالَ ‏ "‏ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ، وَمَنْ شَاءَ لَمْ يَصُمْهُ

TOPICS
fasting  *  optional  *  muharram  *  ramadan

QUICK LESSONS:
Fast during Ramadan as an obligation; Strive for excellence; Make use of freedom over choices & decisions; Fast voluntarily during Ashura if possible .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith talks about the fasting of Ashura which is the 10th day of Muharram. Before Islam, people used to observe this day as a fast. However, when Allah revealed the order for compulsory fasting in Ramadan, Prophet Muhammad said that it is up to one whether they want to fast on Ashura or not. This means that although it is recommended and encouraged to fast on this day, it is not obligatory and one can choose whether they want to do so or not. This teaches us that we should always strive for excellence and try our best in all aspects of life while still being mindful that Allah has given us freedom over our choices and decisions.

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