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Jami at-Tirmidhi 1246 (Book 14, Hadith 46) #26819
Retaining Choice in Sale

SUMMARY: The buyer and seller have the option to cancel the sale as long as they have not separated. If they speak truthfully and clarify any defects or conditions, then their sale will be blessed.

Narrated Hakim b. Hizam: That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Both the buyer and the seller retain the option as long as they have not separated. If they spoke the truth and clarified (any defects or conditions), then they would be blessed in their sale, and if they hid something and lied then their sale would be deprived of blessings". And this is a Sahih Hadith. This is how it was reported from Abu Barzah Al-Aslami, that two men came disputing to him after the sale of a horse, and they were on a ship, so he said: "I did not see the two of your separate, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'The buyer and the seller retain the choice as long as they did not separate'." Some of the people of knowledge, among the people of Al-Kufah and others, held the view that the separation refers to speech. This is the saying of Sufyan Ath-Thawri. This has been reported from Malik bin Anas, and it has been reported from Ibn al-Mubarak that he said: "How could this be refuted ?" And the Hadith about it from the Prophet ﷺ is Sahih, and it strengthens this view. And the meaning of the saying of the Prophet ﷺ: "Except for the optional sale" is, that (while they are still together) the seller gives the buyer the option to cancel after the conclusion of the sale. If he chooses to agree to the sale, then he does not have the choice to cancel the sale after then, even if they did not separate. This is how Ash-Shafi'i and others explained it. And what strengthens the view of those who said that the separation refers to them parting, (and) it does not refer to speech, is the (following) Hadith of 'Abdullah bin 'Amr from the Prophet ﷺ.
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ‏"‏ الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا فَإِنْ صَدَقَا وَبَيَّنَا بُورِكَ لَهُمَا فِي بَيْعِهِمَا وَإِنْ كَتَمَا وَكَذَبَا مُحِقَتْ بَرَكَةُ بَيْعِهِمَا ‏"‏ ‏.‏ هَذَا حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ أَبِي بَرْزَةَ وَحَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو وَسَمُرَةَ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ ‏.‏ وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَغَيْرِهِمْ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَأَحْمَدَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَقَالُوا الْفُرْقَةُ بِالأَبْدَانِ لاَ بِالْكَلاَمِ ‏.‏ وَقَدْ قَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مَعْنَى قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ‏"‏ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا ‏"‏ ‏.‏ يَعْنِي الْفُرْقَةَ بِالْكَلاَمِ ‏.‏ وَالْقَوْلُ الأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ لأَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ هُوَ رَوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَعْنَى مَا رَوَى وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُوجِبَ الْبَيْعَ مَشَى لِيَجِبَ لَهُ ‏.‏ وَهَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي بَرْزَةَ الأَسْلَمِيِّ أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ اخْتَصَمَا إِلَيْهِ فِي فَرَسٍ بَعْدَ مَا تَبَايَعَا ‏.‏ وَكَانُوا فِي سَفِينَةٍ فَقَالَ لاَ أَرَاكُمَا افْتَرَقْتُمَا وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ‏"‏ الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا ‏"‏ ‏.‏ وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ إِلَى أَنَّ الْفُرْقَةَ بِالْكَلاَمِ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ وَهَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ‏.‏ وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ كَيْفَ أَرُدُّ هَذَا وَالْحَدِيثُ فِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ صَحِيحٌ ‏.‏ وَقَوَّى هَذَا الْمَذْهَبَ ‏.‏ وَمَعْنَى قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ‏"‏ إِلاَّ بَيْعَ الْخِيَارِ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ مَعْنَاهُ أَنْ يُخَيِّرَ الْبَائِعُ الْمُشْتَرِيَ بَعْدَ إِيجَابِ الْبَيْعِ فَإِذَا خَيَّرَهُ فَاخْتَارَ الْبَيْعَ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ خِيَارٌ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فِي فَسْخِ الْبَيْعِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا ‏.‏ هَكَذَا فَسَّرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ ‏.‏ وَمِمَّا يُقَوِّي قَوْلَ مَنْ يَقُولُ الْفُرْقَةُ بِالأَبْدَانِ لاَ بِالْكَلاَمِ حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ
TOPICS
sale  *  option  *  separate  *  speak  *  truthful  *  clarify  *  defects  *  conditions

QUICK LESSONS:
Speak truthfully and clarify any defects or conditions before separating from each other in a transaction .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith is about retaining choice in a sale between two parties. It teaches us that both the buyer and seller should speak truthfully and clarify any defects or conditions before separating from each other, so that their sale will be blessed. If either of them hides something or lies, then their sale will not be blessed. This means that it is important to make sure all details are discussed before parting ways after a transaction has been made, so that both parties are satisfied with the outcome of the deal. It also teaches us to always tell the truth when making deals with others, as this is what Allah expects from us in our dealings with one another.

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