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Sunan Abi Dawud 3283 (Book 22, Hadith 42) #23573
Testing Believing Slaves

SUMMARY: The hadith is about a man who was instructed by his mother to emancipate a believing slave. He came to the Prophet ﷺ and asked for advice on how to test if the slave-girl he had was a believer or not.

Narrated Ash-Sharid ibn Suwayd ath-Thaqafi: Sharid's mother left a will to emancipate a believing slave on her behalf. So he came to the Prophet and said: Messenger of Allah, my mother left a will that I should emancipate a believing slave for her, and I have a black Nubian slave-girl. He mentioned a tradition about the test of the girl. Abu Dawud said: Khalid b. 'Abd Allah narrated this tradition direct from the Prophet . He did not mention the name of al-Sharid.
حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ الشَّرِيدِ، ‏:‏ أَنَّ أُمَّهُ، أَوْصَتْهُ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ، عَنْهَا رَقَبَةً مُؤْمِنَةً فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ فَقَالَ ‏:‏ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ أُمِّي أَوْصَتْ أَنْ أُعْتِقَ عَنْهَا رَقَبَةً مُؤْمِنَةً وَعِنْدِي جَارِيَةٌ سَوْدَاءُ نُوبِيَّةٌ فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَهُ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ ‏:‏ خَالِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَرْسَلَهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرِ الشَّرِيدَ

TOPICS
emancipation  *  belief  *  test  *  istitaah  *  mukatabah  *  itqan  *  muminin  *  slavegirl

QUICK LESSONS:
Strive for justice when dealing with slaves & other people under your care ; Ensure they are treated fairly & given their rights as human beings regardless of their religion or race ; Never take advantage of someone's vulnerable position in society ; Strive for justice even when it comes at your own expense .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith is about a man named Ash Sharid ibn Suwayd ath Thaqafi, who was instructed by his mother in her will to emancipate a believing slave. He then went to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ for advice on how he could test if the black Nubian slave girl he owned was indeed a believer or not. The Prophet ﷺ then told him of an Islamic tradition that would help him determine whether she believed in Allah and His Messenger or not. This tradition involved testing her faith through asking her questions related to Islam, such as whether she believes in Allah and His Messenger, prays five times daily, fasts during Ramadan etc. If she answered yes to all these questions, it would be proof that she is indeed a believer and should be freed from slavery according to Islamic law. This hadith teaches us that we should always strive for justice when dealing with slaves and other people under our care; we must ensure that they are treated fairly and given their rights as human beings regardless of their religion or race. It also teaches us that we should never take advantage of someone's vulnerable position in society; instead we should always strive for justice even when it comes at our own expense.

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