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Sunan Abi Dawud 2197 (Book 13, Hadith 23) #22488
Divorce by Three Pronouncements

SUMMARY: A man came to Ibn 'Abbas and asked about the consequences of divorcing his wife by three pronouncements. Ibn 'Abbas replied that since he did not keep duty to Allaah, there was no way out for him and he had disobeyed his Lord.

Mujahid said "I was with Ibn 'Abbas". A man came to him and said that he divorced his wife by three pronouncements. I kept silence and thought that he was going to restore het to him. He then said "A man goes and commits a foolish act and then says "O, Ibn 'Abbas! Alaah has said "And for those who fear Allaah, He (ever) prepares a way out". Since you did not keep duty to Allaah I do not find a way out for you. You disobeyed your Lord and your wife was separated from you. Allaah has said "O Prophet! When you divorce women divorce them in the beginning of their waiting period". Abu Dawud said "This tradition has been transmitted by Humaid Al A’raj and by others from Mujahid on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas. Shu’bjh narrated it from 'Amr bin Murrah from Sa’id bin Jubair on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas. Ayyub and Ibn 'Jubair both narrated it from "’Ikrimah bin Khalid from Sa’id bin Jubair on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas. Ibn Juraij narrated it from 'Abd Al Hamid bin Rafi’ from 'Ata from Ibn 'Abbas. Al A’mash narrated it from Malik bin Al Harith on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas. They all said about the divorce by three pronouncements. He allowed it and said" (Your wife) has been separated from you similar to the tradition narrated by Isma’il from Ayub from 'Abd Allaah bin Kathir". Abu Dawud said "Hammad bin Zaid narrated it from Ayyub from 'Ikrimah on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas. This version adds If he said "You are divorced three times saying in one pronouncement, it constitutes a single (divorce). Isma’il bin Ibrahim narrated it from Ayyub from 'Ikrimah. This is his ('Ikrimah’s) statement. He did not mention the name of Ibn 'Abbas. He narrated it as a statement of 'Ikrimah".
حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ مَسْعَدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَيُّوبُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، قَالَ كُنْتُ عِنْدَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلاَثًا ‏.‏ قَالَ فَسَكَتَ حَتَّى ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ رَادُّهَا إِلَيْهِ ‏.‏ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَنْطَلِقُ أَحَدُكُمْ فَيَرْكَبُ الْحَمُوقَةَ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ يَا ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَا ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَالَ ‏{‏ وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مَخْرَجًا ‏}‏ وَإِنَّكَ لَمْ تَتَّقِ اللَّهَ فَلَمْ أَجِدْ لَكَ مَخْرَجًا عَصَيْتَ رَبَّكَ وَبَانَتْ مِنْكَ امْرَأَتُكَ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَالَ ‏{‏ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ ‏}‏ فِي قُبُلِ عِدَّتِهِنَّ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ حُمَيْدٌ الأَعْرَجُ وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَرَوَاهُ شُعْبَةُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَأَيُّوبُ وَابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ جَمِيعًا عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَرَوَاهُ الأَعْمَشُ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ كُلُّهُمْ قَالُوا فِي الطَّلاَقِ الثَّلاَثِ إِنَّهُ أَجَازَهَا قَالَ وَبَانَتْ مِنْكَ نَحْوَ حَدِيثِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَرَوَى حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ إِذَا قَالَ ‏"‏ أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ ثَلاَثًا ‏"‏ ‏.‏ بِفَمٍ وَاحِدٍ فَهِيَ وَاحِدَةٌ وَرَوَاهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ هَذَا قَوْلُهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرِ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ وَجَعَلَهُ قَوْلَ عِكْرِمَةَ
TOPICS
divorce  *  pronouncement  *  duty  *  disobedience  *  talaaq  *  qawl  *  farz  *  nafy

QUICK LESSONS:
Obey God's commands ; Take actions after careful consideration ; Fulfill duties towards God ; Seek forgiveness from God when necessary .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith is about a man who asked Ibn 'Abbas what would be the consequences of divorcing his wife by three pronouncements. In response to this question, Ibn 'Abbas said that since the man did not keep duty to Allah and disobeyed His Lord then there was no way out for him. He further added that Allah has commanded in the Quran that when one wants to divorce their wives they should do it at the beginning of their waiting period. This hadith teaches us an important lesson which is that we must always obey Allah's commands and fulfill our duties towards Him as He will provide us with a way out if we do so. It also teaches us about how serious divorce is in Islam and how it should only be done after careful consideration as it can have serious implications on both parties involved.

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