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Sahih al-Bukhari 2292 (Book 39, Hadith 3) #2197
Inheritance and Brotherhood in Islam

SUMMARY: The hadith explains the verse 4:33 of the Quran which states that everyone has appointed heirs, and how it cancels out the bond of brotherhood regarding inheritance.

Narrated Sa'id bin Jubair: Ibn 'Abbas said, "In the verse: To every one We have appointed ' (Muwaliya Muwaliya means one's) heirs (4:33)'. (And regarding the verse) 'And those with whom your right hands have made a pledge'. Ibn 'Abbas said, "When the emigrants came to the Prophet in Medina, the emigrant would inherit the Ansari while the latter's relatives would not inherit him because of the bond of brotherhood which the Prophet established between them (ie the emigrants and the Ansar). When the verse: 'And to everyone We have appointed heirs' (4:33) was revealed, it canceled (the bond (the pledge) of brotherhood regarding inheritance)". Then he said, "The verse: To those also to whom your right hands have pledged, remained valid regarding cooperation and mutual advice, while the matter of inheritance was excluded and it became permissible to assign something in one's testament to the person who had the right of inheriting before.
حَدَّثَنَا الصَّلْتُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ـ رضى الله عنهما – ‏{‏وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِيَ‏}‏ قَالَ وَرَثَةً ‏{‏وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ‏}‏ قَالَ كَانَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ لَمَّا قَدِمُوا الْمَدِينَةَ يَرِثُ الْمُهَاجِرُ الأَنْصَارِيَّ دُونَ ذَوِي رَحِمِهِ لِلأُخُوَّةِ الَّتِي آخَى النَّبِيُّ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ ‏{‏وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِيَ‏}‏ نَسَخَتْ، ثُمَّ قَالَ ‏{‏وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ ‏}‏ إِلاَّ النَّصْرَ وَالرِّفَادَةَ وَالنَّصِيحَةَ، وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ الْمِيرَاثُ وَيُوصِي لَهُ‏.‏

TOPICS
inheritance  *  brotherhood  *  verse  *  muwaliya  *  mawliyah  *  ansari  *  alansaar  *  quran

QUICK LESSONS:
Respect family ties and responsibilities towards those we have pledged with or are related by marriage/blood ties
EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith explains a verse from the Quran which states that everyone has appointed heirs. It further explains how this verse cancels out any bond of brotherhood regarding inheritance. The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ established a bond between emigrants and Ansar when they arrived in Medina. This meant that if an Ansari passed away his relatives would not inherit him due to this bond of brotherhood. However when this verse was revealed it allowed for people to assign something in their will to those who previously had rights to inherit them before this revelation. This teaches us about the importance of respecting our family ties as well as understanding our responsibilities towards those we have made a pledge with or are related by marriage or blood ties.

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