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Sunan Abi Dawud 608 (Book 2, Hadith 218) #20899
Refusing Invitations While Fasting

SUMMARY: The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was invited to a meal but he refused as he was fasting. He then led the people in prayer and made Anas stand on his right side.

Anas said: The Messenger of Allah entered upon Umm Haram. The people (in her house) brought some cooking oil dates to him. He said; Put it (dates) back in its container and return it (cooking oil) to its bag, because I am keeping fast. He then stood and led us in prayer two Rak’ahs of supererogatory prayer. Then Umm Sulaim and Umm Haram stood behind us (ie, the men). Thabit (the narrator) said: I understand that Anas said; he (the prophet) made me stand on his right side.
حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا ثَابِتٌ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ دَخَلَ عَلَى أُمِّ حَرَامٍ فَأَتَوْهُ بِسَمْنٍ وَتَمْرٍ فَقَالَ ‏ "‏ رُدُّوا هَذَا فِي وِعَائِهِ وَهَذَا فِي سِقَائِهِ فَإِنِّي صَائِمٌ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ ثُمَّ قَامَ فَصَلَّى بِنَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ تَطَوُّعًا فَقَامَتْ أُمُّ سُلَيْمٍ وَأُمُّ حَرَامٍ خَلْفَنَا ‏.‏ قَالَ ثَابِتٌ وَلاَ أَعْلَمُهُ إِلاَّ قَالَ أَقَامَنِي عَنْ يَمِينِهِ عَلَى بِسَاطٍ

QUICK LESSONS:
Respect religious beliefs & practices; Prioritize prayers; Politely refuse invitations

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith is about the Prophet Muhammad's example of refusing an invitation while fasting. He was invited to a meal, but since he was fasting, he declined and instead led the people in two Rak'ahs of supererogatory prayer. Umm Sulaim and Umm Haram stood behind them during prayer, and Anas was made to stand on the right side of the Prophet. This hadith teaches us that even when we are invited for something, if it goes against our religious beliefs or practices, we should politely decline it without offending anyone else. We should also prioritize our prayers over worldly matters such as meals or gatherings.

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