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Sahih Muslim 1676c (Book 28, Hadith 36) #11488
Shedding Blood Lawfully

SUMMARY: The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) stated that the blood of a Muslim who believes in Allah and His Messenger can only be shed lawfully in three cases: apostasy, adultery, and life for life.

'Abdullah (b. Mas'ud) reported: Allah's Messenger stood up and said: By Him besides Whom there is no god but He, the blood of a Muslim who bears the testimony that there is no god but Allah, and I am His Messenger, may be lawfully shed only in case of three persons: the one who abandons Islam, and deserts the community Ahmad, one of the narrators, is doubtful whether the Prophet used the word li'l-jama'ah or al-jama'ah), and the married adulterer, and life for life.
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، - وَاللَّفْظُ لأَحْمَدَ - قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ قَامَ فِينَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ ‏ "‏ وَالَّذِي لاَ إِلَهَ غَيْرُهُ لاَ يَحِلُّ دَمُ رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلاَّ ثَلاَثَةُ نَفَرٍ التَّارِكُ الإِسْلاَمَ الْمُفَارِقُ لِلْجَمَاعَةِ أَوِ الْجَمَاعَةَ - شَكَّ فِيهِ أَحْمَدُ - وَالثَّيِّبُ الزَّانِي وَالنَّفْسُ بِالنَّفْسِ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ الأَعْمَشُ فَحَدَّثْتُ بِهِ، إِبْرَاهِيمَ فَحَدَّثَنِي عَنِ الأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، بِمِثْلِهِ

TOPICS
dam  *  shedding  *  blood  *  lawful  *  apostasy  *  adultery  *  life  *  tasfir  *  halal  *  riddah  *  zina  *  qisas

QUICK LESSONS:
Respect human lives & follow Islamic teachings on justice & fairness

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith is about the conditions under which it is permissible to shed the blood of a Muslim who believes in Allah and His Messenger. According to this hadith, it is only lawful to shed such a person's blood if they have committed one of three acts; apostasy, adultery or if someone else has taken their life. Apostasy refers to when someone leaves Islam and deserts the community while adultery refers to when someone commits sexual relations outside of marriage. Lastly, qisas or ‘life for life’ means that if someone takes another person’s life then they must pay with their own life as retribution. This hadith teaches us that we should not take another person’s life without due cause as it is unlawful according to Islamic teachings.

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