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Sahih Muslim 1125a (Book 13, Hadith 143) #9782
Fasting on 'Ashura in Pre-Islamic Days

SUMMARY: The Quraish used to fast on the day of 'Ashura in pre-Islamic days and the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) also observed it. When fasting during Ramadan was made obligatory, he gave people the choice to observe or abandon it.

'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Quraish used to fast on the day of 'Ashura in the pre-Islamic days and the Messenger of Allah also observed it. When he migrated to Medina, he himself observed this fast and commanded (others) to observe it. But when fasting during the month of Ramadan was made obligatory he said: He who wishes to observe this fast may do so, and he who wishes to abandon it may do so.
حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، - رضى الله عنها - قَالَتْ كَانَتْ قُرَيْشٌ تَصُومُ عَاشُورَاءَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ يَصُومُهُ فَلَمَّا هَاجَرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ صَامَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ ‏ "‏ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ

TOPICS
fasting  *  obligatory  *  ashura  *  saum  *  wajib  *  preislamic

QUICK LESSONS:
Observe fasting if you wish and if you don't wish then don't observe it .

EXPLANATIONS:
Before Islam, the people of Makkah used to fast on the day of Ashura. This is a day that falls on the 10th of Muharram, which is one month in Islamic calendar. When Prophet Muhammad migrated to Medina, he continued this practice and commanded others to do so as well. However, when fasting during Ramadan was made obligatory by Allah SWT, he gave people a choice whether they wanted to continue observing this fast or not. He did not want anyone feeling burdened by too many obligations at once.

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