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Sahih Muslim 673c (Book 5, Hadith 367) #8678
Leading Prayer According to Knowledge and Age

SUMMARY: The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) taught that the most knowledgeable person in the Quran and Sunnah should lead prayer, and if they are equal, then the oldest one in age should lead. No one should lead another in prayer without permission.

Abu Mas'ud al-Ansari reported: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to us: The one who is well grounded in Allah's Book and is distinguished among them in recitation should act as; Imam for the people. and if they are equally versed in reciting it, then the one who has most knowledge regarding Sunnah; if they are equal regarding the Sunnah, then the earliest one to emigrate; If they emigrated at the same time, then the oldest one in age. No man must lead another in prayer in latter's house or where (the latter) has authority, or sit in his place of honour in his house, except that he gives you permission or with his permission.
وَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، وَابْنُ، بَشَّارٍ قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُثَنَّى حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ رَجَاءٍ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَوْسَ بْنَ ضَمْعَجٍ، يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا مَسْعُودٍ، يَقُولُ قَالَ لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ‏ "‏ يَؤُمُّ الْقَوْمَ أَقْرَؤُهُمْ لِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَأَقْدَمُهُمْ قِرَاءَةً فَإِنْ كَانَتْ قِرَاءَتُهُمْ سَوَاءً فَلْيَؤُمَّهُمْ أَقْدَمُهُمْ هِجْرَةً فَإِنْ كَانُوا فِي الْهِجْرَةِ سَوَاءً فَلْيَؤُمَّهُمْ أَكْبَرُهُمْ سِنًّا وَلاَ تَؤُمَّنَّ الرَّجُلَ فِي أَهْلِهِ وَلاَ فِي سُلْطَانِهِ وَلاَ تَجْلِسْ عَلَى تَكْرِمَتِهِ فِي بَيْتِهِ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَأْذَنَ لَكَ أَوْ بِإِذْنِهِ
TOPICS
prayer  *  knowledge  *  recitation  *  emigration  *  age  *  salat  *  ilm  *  tilawah  *  hijrah  *  umur  *  sunnah

QUICK LESSONS:
Lead a group prayer with permission from those who have authority over it .

EXPLANATIONS:
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ taught us that when it comes to leading prayer, knowledge is key. He said that the most knowledgeable person in reciting the Quran and understanding of Sunnah should be chosen as Imam for people. If they are equal regarding knowledge of Quran or Sunnah then the earliest one to emigrate should be chosen as Imam. If they all migrated at same time then oldest one among them should be chosen as Imam. He also taught us not to lead another person's prayer without his permission or with his permission even if it is at his house or where he has authority over it. This hadith teaches us about respect for others and importance of knowledge over age when it comes to leading prayers. It also teaches us about humility by not taking someone else's place of honour without their permission even if we have more knowledge than them or we are older than them .

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