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Sahih al-Bukhari 6903 (Book 87, Hadith 42) #6636
The Source of Knowledge and Understanding

SUMMARY: This hadith explains that the only source of knowledge and understanding is the Qur'an, and that Muslims should not be killed in Qisas for killing a disbeliever.

Narrated Ash-Shu'bi: I heard Abu Juhaifa saying, "I asked 'Ali 'Have you got any Divine literature apart from the Qur'an?' (Once he said.apart from what the people have?) 'Ali replied, 'By Him Who made the grain split (germinate) and created the soul, we have nothing except what is in the Qur'an and the ability (gift) of understanding Allah's Book which He may endow a man with and we have what is written in this paper'. I asked, 'What is written in this paper?' He replied, 'Al-'Aql (the regulation of Diya), about the ransom of captives, and the Judgment that a Muslim should not be killed in Qisas (equality in punishment) for killing a disbeliever".
حَدَّثَنَا صَدَقَةُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُطَرِّفٌ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ الشَّعْبِيَّ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جُحَيْفَةَ، قَالَ سَأَلْتُ عَلِيًّا ـ رضى الله عنه ـ هَلْ عِنْدَكُمْ شَىْءٌ مَا لَيْسَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَقَالَ مَرَّةً مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ وَالَّذِي فَلَقَ الْحَبَّ وَبَرَأَ النَّسَمَةَ مَا عِنْدَنَا إِلاَّ مَا فِي الْقُرْآنِ، إِلاَّ فَهْمًا يُعْطَى رَجُلٌ فِي كِتَابِهِ، وَمَا فِي الصَّحِيفَةِ‏.‏ قُلْتُ وَمَا فِي الصَّحِيفَةِ قَالَ الْعَقْلُ، وَفِكَاكُ الأَسِيرِ، وَأَنْ لاَ يُقْتَلَ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ‏.‏
TOPICS
ransom  *  alaql  *  diya  *  qisas  *  quran

QUICK LESSONS:
Seek knowledge from its true source -the Quran-, practice justice even when dealing with those who are different from us .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith explains that the only source of knowledge and understanding is the Qur'an. It also states that Muslims should not be killed in Qisas for killing a disbeliever. Qisas is an Islamic law which requires equal punishment for any crime committed, but this hadith suggests that it does not apply to cases where a Muslim kills a non-Muslim. Instead, it suggests ransom or diya as an alternative form of justice. Diya is compensation paid by the perpetrator to the victim's family as recompense for their loss. This hadith teaches us to seek knowledge from its true source -the Quran- and to practice justice even when dealing with those who are different from us.

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