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Sahih al-Bukhari 5706 (Book 76, Hadith 26) #5477
Observing the Prescribed Period of Idda

SUMMARY: The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) advised a woman who had recently lost her husband to observe the prescribed period of Idda for four months and ten days.

Narrated Um Salama: The husband of a lady died and her eyes became sore and the people mentioned her story to the Prophet They asked him whether it was permissible for her to use kohl as her eyes were exposed to danger. He said, "Previously, when one of you was bereaved by a husband she would stay in her dirty clothes in a bad unhealthy house (for one year), and when a dog passed by, she would throw a globe of dung. No, (she should observe the prescribed period Idda) for four months and ten days'.
حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي حُمَيْدُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ زَيْنَبَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ ـ رضى الله عنها ـ أَنَّ امْرَأَةً تُوُفِّيَ زَوْجُهَا فَاشْتَكَتْ عَيْنَهَا، فَذَكَرُوهَا لِلنَّبِيِّ وَذَكَرُوا لَهُ الْكُحْلَ، وَأَنَّهُ يُخَافُ عَلَى عَيْنِهَا، فَقَالَ ‏ "‏ لَقَدْ كَانَتْ إِحْدَاكُنَّ تَمْكُثُ فِي بَيْتِهَا فِي شَرِّ أَحْلاَسِهَا ـ أَوْ فِي أَحْلاَسِهَا فِي شَرِّ بَيْتِهَا ـ فَإِذَا مَرَّ كَلْبٌ رَمَتْ بَعْرَةً، فَلاَ، أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا

TOPICS
widowhood  *  mourning  *  grief  *  loss

QUICK LESSONS:
Observe mourning rituals during this time such as refraining from wearing makeup or jewelry; Refrain from engaging in activities that would bring joy or pleasure such as attending parties or social gatherings; Be respectful towards those who have passed away; Rely on Allah's mercy for comfort & solace .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith is about a woman whose husband had passed away and she was seeking advice on how to mourn him. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) advised her to observe the prescribed period of Idda for four months and ten days. This period is known as 'Iddat' in Arabic which means 'waiting'. During this time, it is recommended that widows remain in their homes and refrain from wearing any makeup or jewelry as a sign of respect for their deceased husbands. Additionally, they should not engage in any activities that would bring them joy or pleasure such as attending parties or social gatherings. This shows us that Islam encourages us to be respectful towards those who have passed away by observing certain mourning rituals during this time. It also teaches us the importance of being patient during difficult times and relying on Allah's mercy for comfort and solace.

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