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Sahih al-Bukhari 5101 (Book 67, Hadith 39) #4885
Unlawful Marriage in Islam

SUMMARY: The Prophet (ﷺ) was not allowed to marry his foster niece, the daughter of Um Salama, as it was unlawful for him.

Narrated Um Habiba: (daughter of Abu Sufyan) I said, "O Allah's Messenger ﷺ! Marry my sister. the daughter of Abu Sufyan". The Prophet ﷺ said, "Do you like that?" I replied, "Yes, for even now I am not your only wife and I like that my sister should share the good with me". The Prophet ﷺ said, "But that is not lawful for me". I said, We have heard that you want to marry the daughter of Abu Salama". He said, "(You mean) the daughter of Um Salama?" I said, "Yes". He said, "Even if she were not my step-daughter, she would be unlawful for me to marry as she is my foster niece. I and Abu Salama were suckled by Thuwayba. So you should not present to me your daughters or your sisters (in marriage)". Narrated 'Urwa: Thuwayba was the freed slave girl of Abu Lahb whom he had manumitted, and then she suckled the Prophet. When Abu Lahb died, one of his relatives saw him in a dream in a very bad state and asked him, "What have you encountered?" Abu Lahb said, "I have not found any rest since I left you, except that I have been given water to drink in this (the space between his thumb and other fingers) and that is because of my manumitting Thuwayba".
حَدَّثَنَا الْحَكَمُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ زَيْنَبَ ابْنَةَ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّ أُمَّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ أَخْبَرَتْهَا أَنَّهَا، قَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ انْكِحْ أُخْتِي بِنْتَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ فَقَالَ ‏"‏ أَوَتُحِبِّينَ ذَلِكَ ‏"‏‏.‏ فَقُلْتُ نَعَمْ، لَسْتُ لَكَ بِمُخْلِيَةٍ، وَأَحَبُّ مَنْ شَارَكَنِي فِي خَيْرٍ أُخْتِي‏.‏ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ‏"‏ إِنَّ ذَلِكَ لاَ يَحِلُّ لِي ‏"‏‏.‏ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّا نُحَدَّثُ أَنَّكَ تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَنْكِحَ بِنْتَ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ‏.‏ قَالَ ‏"‏ بِنْتَ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ ‏"‏‏.‏ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ‏.‏ فَقَالَ ‏"‏ لَوْ أَنَّهَا لَمْ تَكُنْ رَبِيبَتِي فِي حَجْرِي مَا حَلَّتْ لِي إِنَّهَا لاَبْنَةُ أَخِي مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ، أَرْضَعَتْنِي وَأَبَا سَلَمَةَ ثُوَيْبَةُ فَلاَ تَعْرِضْنَ عَلَىَّ بَنَاتِكُنَّ وَلاَ أَخَوَاتِكُنَّ ‏"‏‏.‏ قَالَ عُرْوَةُ وَثُوَيْبَةُ مَوْلاَةٌ لأَبِي لَهَبٍ كَانَ أَبُو لَهَبٍ أَعْتَقَهَا فَأَرْضَعَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَلَمَّا مَاتَ أَبُو لَهَبٍ أُرِيَهُ بَعْضُ أَهْلِهِ بِشَرِّ حِيبَةٍ قَالَ لَهُ مَاذَا لَقِيتَ قَالَ أَبُو لَهَبٍ لَمْ أَلْقَ بَعْدَكُمْ غَيْرَ أَنِّي سُقِيتُ فِي هَذِهِ بِعَتَاقَتِي ثُوَيْبَةَ‏.‏
TOPICS
marriage  *  lawfulness  *  prohibited  *  radaa  *  halal  *  haram  *  zawaj

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EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith explains that marriage between certain people is prohibited in Islam. It is narrated by Um Habiba and 'Urwa that the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was asked to marry her sister, the daughter of Abu Sufyan. He asked if she liked it and she said yes. However, he said that it was not lawful for him to do so as she was his foster niece. The Prophet ﷺ then explained why this marriage would be unlawful; he and Abu Salama were both suckled by Thuwayba which made them related through breastfeeding or ‘Radaa’ in Arabic. Therefore, this hadith teaches us that certain marriages are prohibited in Islam even if they seem like a good idea at first glance. It also teaches us about the importance of breastfeeding relationships which can make two people related even if they are not blood relatives or married to each other’s family members.

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