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Sahih al-Bukhari 4650 (Book 65, Hadith 172) #4433
The Persecution of Muslims & Forgiveness of Uthman

SUMMARY: This hadith is about a man who asked Ibn 'Umar why he was not fighting when Allah has mentioned in the Quran to fight against those who are causing afflictions. Ibn 'Umar replied that Muslims were persecuted during the time of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and now that they have increased in number, there is no need for it. He also mentioned that Uthman was forgiven by Allah and Ali was the cousin and son-in-law of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

Narrated Ibn 'Umar: That a man came to him (while two groups of Muslims were fighting) and said, "O Abu 'Abdur Rahman! Don't you hear what Allah has mentioned in His Book: 'And if two groups of believers fight against each other'. (49:9) So what prevents you from fighting as Allah has mentioned in His Book?"' Ibn 'Umar said, "O son of my brother! I would rather be blamed for not fighting because of this Verse than to be blamed because of another Verse where Allah says: 'And whoever kills a believer intentionally".. (4:93) Then that man said, "Allah says:-- 'And fight them until there is no more afflictions (worshipping other besides Allah) and the religion (ie worship) will be all for Allah (Alone)" (8:39) Ibn 'Umar said, "We did this during the lifetime of Allah's Messenger ﷺ when the number of Muslims was small, and a man was put to trial because of his religion, the pagans would either kill or chain him; but when the Muslims increased (and Islam spread), there was no persecution". When that man saw that Ibn 'Umar did not agree to his proposal, he said, "What is your opinion regarding 'Ali and 'Uthman?" Ibn 'Umar said, "What is my opinion regarding 'Ali and 'Uthman? As for 'Uthman, Allah forgave him and you disliked to forgive him, and 'Ali is the cousin and son-in-law of Allah's Messenger ﷺ ". Then he pointed out with his hand and said, "And that is his daughter's (house) which you can see".
حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا حَيْوَةُ، عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ أَنَّ رَجُلاً، جَاءَهُ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَلاَ تَسْمَعُ مَا ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ ‏{‏وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا‏}‏ إِلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ، فَمَا يَمْنَعُكَ أَنْ لاَ تُقَاتِلَ كَمَا ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ‏.‏ فَقَالَ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي أَغْتَرُّ بِهَذِهِ الآيَةِ وَلاَ أُقَاتِلُ أَحَبُّ إِلَىَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَغْتَرَّ بِهَذِهِ الآيَةِ الَّتِي يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ‏{‏وَمَنْ يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا‏}‏ إِلَى آخِرِهَا‏.‏ قَالَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ ‏{‏وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لاَ تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ‏}‏‏.‏ قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ قَدْ فَعَلْنَا عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذْ كَانَ الإِسْلاَمُ قَلِيلاً، فَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُفْتَنُ فِي دِينِهِ، إِمَّا يَقْتُلُوهُ وَإِمَّا يُوثِقُوهُ، حَتَّى كَثُرَ الإِسْلاَمُ، فَلَمْ تَكُنْ فِتْنَةٌ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَنَّهُ لاَ يُوَافِقُهُ فِيمَا يُرِيدُ قَالَ فَمَا قَوْلُكَ فِي عَلِيٍّ وَعُثْمَانَ‏.‏ قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ مَا قَوْلِي فِي عَلِيٍّ وَعُثْمَانَ أَمَّا عُثْمَانُ فَكَانَ اللَّهُ قَدْ عَفَا عَنْهُ، فَكَرِهْتُمْ أَنْ يَعْفُوَ عَنْهُ، وَأَمَّا عَلِيٌّ فَابْنُ عَمِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَخَتَنُهُ‏.‏ وَأَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ وَهَذِهِ ابْنَتُهُ أَوْ بِنْتُهُ حَيْثُ تَرَوْنَ‏.‏
TOPICS
persecution  *  fight  *  affliction  *  forgiveness  *  increase

QUICK LESSONS:
Be forgiving towards those who have wronged you even if you don't like them; Be patient when facing persecution; Unite together as a community for strength; Follow what is mentioned in Quran regarding fighting against afflictions caused by others; Respect family relationships such as between cousins or son-in-laws etc.; Respect what Allah has decided regarding forgiveness or punishment for someone else's actions; Have faith that your numbers will increase which will give you strength over any obstacles faced together as a community .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith discusses how persecution against Muslims used to be common during the time of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ but as their numbers increased so did their strength. It also talks about how Uthman was forgiven by Allah despite being disliked by some people. Lastly it mentions Ali's relationship with Prophet Muhammad ﷺ as his cousin and son-in-law. The main values taught in this hadith are forgiveness, patience and strength through unity. It teaches us to forgive those who have wronged us even if we don't like them because only Allah can judge them properly. We should also be patient when facing persecution because eventually our numbers will increase which will give us strength to overcome any obstacles we face together as a community.

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