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Sahih al-Bukhari 4274 (Book 64, Hadith 308) #4082
Forgiveness and Avoiding Enemies

SUMMARY: Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forgave Hatib bin Abi Balta'a for his wrongdoings and warned against taking enemies as friends.

Narrated 'Ali: Allah's Messenger ﷺ sent me, Az-Zubair and Al-Miqdad saying, "Proceed till you reach Raudat Khakh where there is a lady carrying a letter, and take that (letter) from her". So we proceeded on our way with our horses galloping till we reached the Rawda, and there we found the lady and said to her, "Take out the letter". She said, "I have no letter". We said, "Take out the letter, or else we will take off your clothes". So she took it out of her braid, and we brought the letter to Allah's Messenger ﷺ . The letter was addressed from Hatib, bin Abi Balta'a to some pagans of Mecca, telling them about what Allah's Apostle intended to do. Allah's Messenger ﷺ said, "O Hatib! What is this?" Hatib replied, "O Allah's Apostle! Do not make a hasty decision about me. I was a person not belonging to Quraish but I was an ally to them from outside and had no blood relation with them, and all the Emigrants who were with you, have got their kinsmen (in Mecca) who can protect their families and properties. So I liked to do them a favor so that they might protect my relatives as I have no blood relation with them. I did not do this to renegade from my religion (ie Islam) nor did I do it to choose Heathenism after Islam". Allah's Messenger ﷺ said to his companions". As regards him, he (ie Hatib) has told you the truth"'.Umar said, "O Allah's Messenger ﷺ! Allow me to chop off the head of this hypocrite!" The Prophet ﷺ said, "He (ie Hatib) has witnessed the Badr battle (ie fought in it) and what could tell you, perhaps Allah looked at those who witnessed Badr and said, "O the people of Badr (ie Badr Muslim warriors), do what you like, for I have forgiven you".Then Allah revealed the Sura:-- "O you who believe! Take not my enemies And your enemies as friends offering them (Your) love even though they have disbelieved in that Truth (ie Allah, Prophet Muhammad and this Qur'an) which has come to you .(to the end of Verse).(And whosoever of you (Muslims) does that, then indeed he has gone (far) astray (away) from the Straight Path". (60.1
حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ عَلِيًّا ـ رضى الله عنه ـ يَقُولُ بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَا وَالزُّبَيْرَ وَالْمِقْدَادَ فَقَالَ ‏"‏ انْطَلِقُوا حَتَّى تَأْتُوا رَوْضَةَ خَاخٍ، فَإِنَّ بِهَا ظَعِينَةً مَعَهَا كِتَابٌ، فَخُذُوا مِنْهَا ‏"‏‏.‏ قَالَ فَانْطَلَقْنَا تَعَادَى بِنَا خَيْلُنَا حَتَّى أَتَيْنَا الرَّوْضَةَ، فَإِذَا نَحْنُ بِالظَّعِينَةِ قُلْنَا لَهَا أَخْرِجِي الْكِتَابَ‏.‏ قَالَتْ مَا مَعِي كِتَابٌ‏.‏ فَقُلْنَا لَتُخْرِجِنَّ الْكِتَابَ أَوْ لَنُلْقِيَنَّ الثِّيَابَ، قَالَ فَأَخْرَجَتْهُ مِنْ عِقَاصِهَا، فَأَتَيْنَا بِهِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَإِذَا فِيهِ مِنْ حَاطِبِ بْنِ أَبِي بَلْتَعَةَ إِلَى نَاسٍ بِمَكَّةَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، يُخْبِرُهُمْ بِبَعْضِ أَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ‏"‏ يَا حَاطِبُ مَا هَذَا ‏"‏‏.‏ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لاَ تَعْجَلْ عَلَىَّ، إِنِّي كُنْتُ امْرَأً مُلْصَقًا فِي قُرَيْشٍ ـ يَقُولُ كُنْتُ حَلِيفًا وَلَمْ أَكُنْ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهَا ـ وَكَانَ مَنْ مَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ مَنْ لَهُمْ قَرَابَاتٌ، يَحْمُونَ أَهْلِيهِمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ، فَأَحْبَبْتُ إِذْ فَاتَنِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ النَّسَبِ فِيهِمْ أَنْ أَتَّخِذَ عِنْدَهُمْ يَدًا يَحْمُونَ قَرَابَتِي، وَلَمْ أَفْعَلْهُ ارْتِدَادًا عَنْ دِينِي، وَلاَ رِضًا بِالْكُفْرِ بَعْدَ الإِسْلاَمِ‏.‏ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ‏"‏ أَمَا إِنَّهُ قَدْ صَدَقَكُمْ ‏"‏‏.‏ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ دَعْنِي أَضْرِبْ عُنُقَ هَذَا الْمُنَافِقِ‏.‏ فَقَالَ ‏"‏ إِنَّهُ قَدْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا، وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ اطَّلَعَ عَلَى مَنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا قَالَ اعْمَلُوا مَا شِئْتُمْ فَقَدْ غَفَرْتُ لَكُمْ ‏"‏‏.‏ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ السُّورَةَ ‏{‏يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لاَ تَتَّخِذُوا عَدُوِّي وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ تُلْقُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالْمَوَدَّةِ‏}‏ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ ‏{‏فَقَدْ ضَلَّ سَوَاءَ السَّبِيلِ
TOPICS
forgiveness  *  enemies  *  friendship  *  maghfirah  *  adawat  *  khullat  *  quraish  *  battle

QUICK LESSONS:
Forgive people when they make mistakes

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith is about the Prophet Muhammad's mercy and forgiveness towards Hatib bin Abi Balta'a, who was an ally of the Quraish tribe in Mecca. He had written a letter to some pagans of Mecca informing them of what the Prophet intended to do. When this was brought to the attention of the Prophet, he asked Hatib what he had done. Hatib explained that he wanted to help his relatives who were not part of Quraish by warning them about what was going to happen so they could protect themselves. The Prophet accepted his explanation and forgave him, saying that those who fought in Badr were forgiven by Allah himself. He then revealed a verse from Surah Al-Mumtahanah which warned against taking enemies as friends even if they have disbelieved in Allah or His Messenger. This hadith teaches us that we should always forgive people when they make mistakes, but also be careful not to take our enemies as friends even if it seems like a good idea at first glance.

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