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(Book 39, Hadith 14) #36573
Mukatab and Slave Ownership

SUMMARY: A mukatab (a slave who has bought his freedom) is not allowed to free another slave or give charity with his master's property without the master's permission.

Malik said about a man who had his slave in a kitaba and then the mukatab died and left his umm walad, and there remained for him some of his kitaba to pay and he left what would pay it, "The umm walad is a slave since the mukatab was not freed until he died and he did not leave children that were set free by his paying what remained, so that the umm walad of their father was freed by their being set free". Malik said about a mukatab who set free a slave of his or gave sadaqa with some of his property and his master did not know that until he had set the mukatab free, "That has been performed by him and the master does not rescind it. If the master of the mukatab knows before he sets the mukatab free, he can reject that and not permit it. If the mukatab is then freed and it becomes in his power to do so, he does not have to free the slave, nor give the sadaqa unless he does it voluntarily from himself".

TOPICS
mukatab  *  kitaba  *  walad  *  sadaqa

QUICK LESSONS:
Respect authority figures; Give charity out of kindness rather than obligation; Pay off debts when able; Free slaves when able; Follow contracts made with masters faithfully; Do good deeds even if no one knows about them.

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith discusses the rules of slavery in Islam. It states that a mukatab, or a slave who has bought his freedom through a contract known as kitaba, cannot free another slave or give charity with their master’s property without their permission. The hadith also states that if the mukatab does so without their master’s knowledge before they are freed then it must be accepted by the master and cannot be rescinded. However if the master knows beforehand then they can reject it and not permit it. If after being freed it is in their power to do so then they do not have to free the slave nor give charity unless they do so voluntarily from themselves.

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