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(Book 27, Hadith 14) #36158
Inheritance between Muslims and Non-Muslims

SUMMARY: A Muslim does not inherit from a non-Muslim, even if they are related by kinship, clientage or maternal relationship.

Yahya related to me from Malik from a reliable source of his who had heard Said ibn al-Musayyab say that: ''Umar ibn al-Khattab refused to let anyone inherit from the non-arabs except for one who was born among the arabs". Malik said, "If a pregnant woman comes from the land of the enemy and gives birth in arab land so that he is her (an arab) child, he inherits from her if she dies, and she inherits from him if he dies, by the Book of Allah". Malik said, "The generally agreed on way of doing things among us and the sunna in which there is no dispute, and what I saw the people of knowledge in our city doing, is that a Muslim does not inherit from a kafir by kinship, clientage (wala'), or maternal relationship, nor does he (the Muslim) overshadow any (of the Kafirs) from his inheritance. Malik said, "Similarly, someone who forgoes his inheritance when he is the chief heir does not overshadow anyone from his inheritance".
وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ الثِّقَةِ، عِنْدَهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيَّبِ، يَقُولُ أَبَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ أَنْ يُوَرِّثَ، أَحَدًا مِنَ الأَعَاجِمِ إِلاَّ أَحَدًا وُلِدَ فِي الْعَرَبِ ‏.‏ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَإِنْ جَاءَتِ امْرَأَةٌ حَامِلٌ مِنْ أَرْضِ الْعَدُوِّ فَوَضَعَتْهُ فِي أَرْضِ الْعَرَبِ فَهُوَ وَلَدُهَا يَرِثُهَا إِنْ مَاتَتْ وَتَرِثُهُ إِنْ مَاتَ مِيرَاثَهَا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ‏.‏ قَالَ مَالِكٌ الأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا وَالسُّنَّةُ الَّتِي لاَ اخْتِلاَفَ فِيهَا وَالَّذِي أَدْرَكْتُ عَلَيْهِ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ بِبَلَدِنَا أَنَّهُ لاَ يَرِثُ الْمُسْلِمُ الْكَافِرَ بِقَرَابَةٍ وَلاَ وَلاَءٍ وَلاَ رَحِمٍ وَلاَ يَحْجُبُ أَحَدًا عَنْ مِيرَاثِهِ ‏.‏ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَكَذَلِكَ كُلُّ مَنْ لاَ يَرِثُ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ دُونَهُ وَارِثٌ فَإِنَّهُ لاَ يَحْجُبُ أَحَدًا عَنْ مِيرَاثِهِ

TOPICS
inheritance  *  muslim  *  kinship  *  clientage  *  relationship  *  istiwaa  *  mumin  *  kafir  *  qarabah  *  wala  *  ula  *  nonmuslim

QUICK LESSONS:
Respect religious differences ; Be fair ; Be honest ; Be generous .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith discusses the rules of inheritance between Muslims and non-Muslims. According to this hadith, Umar ibn al Khattab refused to let anyone inherit from the non Arabs except for one who was born among the Arabs. This means that if a pregnant woman comes from the land of an enemy and gives birth in Arab land so that he is her child, he inherits from her if she dies, and she inherits from him if he dies according to Allah's book. However, it is generally agreed upon among scholars that a Muslim does not inherit anything through kinship or clientage with a non-Muslim nor can they overshadow any inheritance due to them. Similarly someone who forgoes their inheritance when they are the chief heir cannot overshadow anyone else's inheritance either.

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