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(Book 21, Hadith 20) #36047
Giving Bonuses from Khumus

SUMMARY: The hadith discusses the practice of giving bonuses from the Khumus, and it is up to the ijtihad of the Imam whether they are taken from the first of the spoils or what is after it.

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z-Zinad that Said ibn al- Musayyab said, "People used to be given bonuses from the Khumus". Malik said, "That is the best of what I have heard on the matter". Malik was asked about bonuses and whether they were taken from the first of the spoils, and he said, "That is only decided according to the ijtihad of the Imam. We do not have a known reliable command about that other than it is up to the ijtihad of the Sultan. I have not heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, gave bonuses in all his raids. I have only heard that he gave bonuses in one of them, namely the day of Hunayn. It depends on the ijtihad of the Imam whether they are taken from the first of the spoils or what is after it".
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ كَانَ النَّاسُ يُعْطَوْنَ النَّفَلَ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ ‏.‏ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَذَلِكَ أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَىَّ فِي ذَلِكَ ‏.‏ وَسُئِلَ مَالِكٌ عَنِ النَّفَلِ هَلْ يَكُونُ فِي أَوَّلِ مَغْنَمٍ قَالَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى وَجْهِ الاِجْتِهَادِ مِنَ الإِمَامِ وَلَيْسَ عِنْدَنَا فِي ذَلِكَ أَمْرٌ مَعْرُوفٌ مَوْثُوقٌ إِلاَّ اجْتِهَادُ السُّلْطَانِ وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنِي أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَفَّلَ فِي مَغَازِيهِ كُلِّهَا وَقَدْ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّهُ نَفَّلَ فِي بَعْضِهَا يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ وَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ عَلَى وَجْهِ الاِجْتِهَادِ مِنَ الإِمَامِ فِي أَوَّلِ مَغْنَمٍ وَفِيمَا بَعْدَهُ
TOPICS
sultan  *  bonus  *  spoils  *  mukhassas  *  fai  *  ijtihad

QUICK LESSONS:
Be generous with your people; Use your discretion wisely when distributing resources among them; Follow Islamic laws; Give bonuses if possible; Respect leaders and follow their decisions.

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith discusses a practice in which bonuses were given out by leaders, known as Sultans, to their people. These bonuses were taken out of something called Khumus, which refers to a portion of spoils taken during raids or battles. It was up to the leader's discretion as to how much was given and when it was given out. The Prophet Muhammad gave bonuses in one raid only, namely Hunayn day. This hadith teaches us that leaders should be generous with their people and use their discretion wisely when distributing resources among them.

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