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Musnad Ahmad 1402 (Book 6, Hadith 20) #35024
Upholding Faith and Not Committing Sins

SUMMARY: This hadith is about the importance of upholding one's faith and not committing any sins, as well as the three cases in which a Muslim's blood can be shed.

Muhammad bin 'AbdurRahman bin Mujabbar narrated from his father, from his grandfather, that 'Uthman (رضي الله عنه) looked out at those who were besieging him. He greeted them with salam but they did not respond to him'.Uthman (رضي الله عنه) said: "Is Talhah among the people?" Talhah said: "Yes". He said: "Verily, to Allah we belong and unto Him is our return! I greet people among whom you are and they do not return the greeting". Talhah said: "I returned the greeting"'.Uthman said: "This is not the way to return the greeting, I made you hear me but you did not make me hear you. O Talhah, I adjure you by Allah, did you hear the Prophet ﷺ say: "The blood of a Muslim is not permissible except in one of three cases: if he disbelieves after believing, or he commits zina after having been married, or he kills a soul and may be killed in return". Talhah said: "Yes, by Allah"'.Uthman said takbeer, then he said: "By Allah, I have never denied Allah since I came to know Him. I never committed zina during the Jahiliyyah or in Islam. I abstained during the Jahiliyyah because I hated it and in Islam so as to maintain my chastity. And I have never killed anyone in return for which killing me would become permissible".
حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ عَبِيدَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُجَبَّرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَشْرَفَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ حَصَرُوهُ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَلَمْ يَرُدُّوا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَفِي الْقَوْمِ طَلْحَةُ قَالَ طَلْحَةُ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَإِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ أُسَلِّمُ عَلَى قَوْمٍ أَنْتَ فِيهِمْ فَلَا تَرُدُّونَ قَالَ قَدْ رَدَدْتُ قَالَ مَا هَكَذَا الرَّدُّ أُسْمِعُكَ وَلَا تُسْمِعُنِي يَا طَلْحَةُ أَنْشُدُكَ اللَّهَ أَسَمِعْتَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ لَا يُحِلُّ دَمَ الْمُسْلِمِ إِلَّا وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْ ثَلَاثٍ أَنْ يَكْفُرَ بَعْدَ إِيمَانِهِ أَوْ يَزْنِيَ بَعْدَ إِحْصَانِهِ أَوْ يَقْتُلَ نَفْسًا فَيُقْتَلَ بِهَا قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ فَكَبَّرَ عُثْمَانُ فَقَالَ وَاللَّهِ مَا أَنْكَرْتُ اللَّهَ مُنْذُ عَرَفْتُهُ وَلَا زَنَيْتُ فِي جَاهِلِيَّةٍ وَلَا إِسْلَامٍ وَقَدْ تَرَكْتُهُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ تَكَرُّهًا وَفِي الْإِسْلَامِ تَعَفُّفًا وَمَا قَتَلْتُ نَفْسًا يَحِلُّ بِهَا قَتْلِي‏.‏
TOPICS
faith  *  sin  *  bloodshed  *  greeting

QUICK LESSONS:
Uphold your faith , Respond to greetings , Abstain from zina , Avoid killing people

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith is about the importance of upholding one's faith and not committing any sins, as well as the three cases in which a Muslim's blood can be shed. In this hadith, 'Uthman was being besieged by people who did not respond to his greeting. He asked if Talhah was among them, and when Talhah responded that he was present, 'Uthman reminded him that it is important to return greetings when they are given. He then asked Talhah if he remembered what Prophet Muhammad said about shedding a Muslim’s blood - that it is only permissible in three cases; disbelief after belief, adultery after marriage or killing someone for which killing him would become permissible. 'Uthman then declared his innocence from these acts before Allah and reminded everyone present of their responsibility towards their faith and avoiding sinning against Allah’s commands. This hadith teaches us that we should always uphold our faith by avoiding sinning against Allah’s commands no matter what situation we find ourselves in; even if we are being persecuted or wronged by others around us. We should also remember to return greetings whenever they are given to us out of respect for those who have greeted us first.

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