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Musnad Ahmad 1222 (Book 5, Hadith 630) #34856
Ruling on Debts, Bequests, and Inheritance

SUMMARY: The hadith explains the ruling of the Prophet (PBUH) regarding debts and bequests, as well as inheritance between siblings from the same parents and siblings from different mothers.

It was narrated that 'Ali (رضي الله عنه) said: You recite: 'after the payment of legacies he may have bequeathed or debts' an-Nisa' 4:12. The Messenger of Allah ruled that debts must be paid before carrying out bequests, And he ruled that sons from the same father and mother inherit from one another, but sons from different mothers (but the same father) do not. A man inherits from his brother through his father and mother but not from his brother through his father only.
حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ، أَنْبَأَنَا زَكَرِيَّا، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ إِنَّكُمْ تَقْرَءُونَ ‏{‏مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصَى بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ‏}‏ وَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَضَى بِالدَّيْنِ قَبْلَ الْوَصِيَّةِ وَإِنَّ أَعْيَانَ بَنِي الْأُمِّ يَتَوَارَثُونَ دُونَ بَنِي الْعَلَّاتِ يَرِثُ الرَّجُلُ أَخَاهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ دُونَ أَخِيهِ لِأَبِيهِ‏.‏

TOPICS
debt  *  bequest  *  inheritance  *  siblings

QUICK LESSONS:
Paying off debt ; Fulfilling wishes ; Understanding Islamic rulings on matters related to money ; Being mindful of one's responsibilities towards others even after death ; Taking care of those who are financially dependent on you even after your death .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith explains a ruling of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ regarding debts, bequests, and inheritance. It is narrated by Ali ibn Abi Talib that when reciting Surah an-Nisa' 4:12 in the Quran about paying legacies or debts first before carrying out bequests, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ ruled that debts must be paid before carrying out any bequests. He also ruled that sons from the same father and mother inherit from one another but sons from different mothers do not inherit each other through their father only. A man inherits his brother through both his father and mother but not just through his father alone. This hadith teaches us to prioritize our obligations such as paying off our debt before fulfilling any wishes we may have left behind for others after our death. It also teaches us about how inheritance works between siblings with different mothers or fathers in Islam.

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