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Musnad Ahmad 450, 451 (Book 4, Hadith 46) #34120
Completing Prayers with Prostrations

SUMMARY: The Prophet ﷺ advised a man to prostrate twice if he was unsure of the number of rak'ahs he had prayed, in order to complete his prayer.

It was narrated that 'Uthman bin 'Affan (رضي الله عنه) said: A man came to the Prophet ﷺ and said: O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I prayed but I do not know whether I did an even number of rak'ahs or an odd number. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Beware lest the Shaitan toy with you in your prayer. Whoever among you prays and does not know whether he did an even number of rak'ahs or an odd number, let him prostrate twice, for that will complete his prayer'. It was narrated that Masarrah bin Ma'bad said: Yazeed bin Abi Kabshah led us in praying 'Asr, then he turned to us after the prayer and said: I prayed with Marwan bin al-Hakam and he did two prostrations like these, then he turned to us and told us that he prayed with 'Uthman (رضي الله عنه), who narrated from the Prophet ﷺ . and he mentioned a similar report.
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، حَدَّثَنَا مَسَرَّةُ بْنُ مَعْبَدٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي كَبْشَةَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي صَلَّيْتُ فَلَمْ أَدْرِ أَشَفَعْتُ أَمْ أَوْتَرْتُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِيَّايَ وَأَنْ يَتَلَعَّبَ بِكُمْ الشَّيْطَانُ فِي صَلَاتِكُمْ مَنْ صَلَّى مِنْكُمْ فَلَمْ يَدْرِ أَشَفَعَ أَوْ أَوْتَرَ فَلْيَسْجُدْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ فَإِنَّهُمَا تَمَامُ صَلَاتِهِ. حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ وَزِيَادُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا سَوَّارٌ أَبُو عُمَارَةَ الرَّمْلِيُّ عَنْ مَسِيرَةَ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ قَالَ صَلَّى بِنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي كَبْشَةَ الْعَصْرَ فَانْصَرَفَ إِلَيْنَا بَعْدَ صَلَاتِهِ فَقَالَ إِنِّي صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ فَسَجَدَ مِثْلَ هَاتَيْنِ السَّجْدَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ إِلَيْنَا فَأَعْلَمَنَا أَنَّهُ صَلَّى مَعَ عُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَحَدَّثَ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَهُ نَحْوَهُ‏.‏
TOPICS
prayer  *  prostration  *  uncertainty

QUICK LESSONS:
Make sure you have completed your prayers correctly and completely without leaving any part out or being uncertain about it afterwards; Strive for certainty when performing your prayers; Do two prostrations if you are unsure of the number of raka’ats you have prayed; Follow the advice given by the Prophet (ﷺ) .
EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith is about the importance of completing one's prayer. It was narrated that 'Uthman bin 'Affan said that a man came to the Prophet and asked him what he should do if he did not know whether or not he had done an even number of rak'ahs in his prayer. The Prophet advised him to prostrate twice, as this would complete his prayer. It was also narrated by Masarrah bin Ma'bad that Yazeed bin Abi Kabshah led them in praying Asr, then told them that Marwan bin al-Hakam had done two prostrations like these when praying with Uthman who narrated from the Prophet. This shows us how important it is for us to make sure we have completed our prayers correctly and completely, so as not to leave any part out or be uncertain about it afterwards. We should always strive for certainty when performing our prayers so as not to miss out on any blessings from Allah SWT.

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