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Musnad Ahmad 322 (Book 2, Hadith 228) #34003
Umar ibn al-Khattab's Last Advice

SUMMARY: Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Caliph of Islam, was stabbed and on his deathbed he gave three pieces of advice to those around him. He advised them not to pass judgement on Kalalah, not to appoint a successor and that all slaves should be freed.

It was narrated from Humaid bin Abdur-Rahman al-Himyari that Ibn 'Abbas said in Basrah; I was the first one to come to 'Umar when he was stabbed. He said: Learn from me three things, for I fear that the people will not come to me (before I die). As for me, I did not pass any judgement regarding Kalalah and I did not appoint any successor to be in charge of the people after me, and every slave of his Umar's will be free. The people said to him: Appoint a successor. He said: Whatever I do, it was done by someone better than me. If I leave the people to decide their affairs, the Prophet ﷺ of Allah did that, and if I appoint someone, one who is better than me did that, namely Abu Bakr, I said to him: Receive the glad tidings of Paradise; you accompanied the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, your companionship with him was long; you were appointed in charge of the believers and you showed strength and fulfilled the trust. He said. As for your glad tidings to me of Paradise - 'Affan another narrator said: No by Allah besides Whom there is no god- if I had the entire world and all that is in it, I would give it as a ransom from the terror of what lies before me, even before knowing the outcome. As for what you say about me being in charge of the believers' affairs, by Allah I wish that I could get out of it without gaining or losing anything. As for what you said about me accompanying the Prophet ﷺ of Allah, that is true.
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَمَّادٍ، وَعَفَّانُ، قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَوْدِيِّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، بِالْبَصْرَةِ قَالَ أَنَا أَوَّلُ، مَنْ أَتَى عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ حِينَ طُعِنَ فَقَالَ احْفَظْ عَنِّي ثَلَاثًا فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ لَا يُدْرِكَنِي النَّاسُ أَمَّا أَنَا فَلَمْ أَقْضِ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ قَضَاءً وَلَمْ أَسْتَخْلِفْ عَلَى النَّاسِ خَلِيفَةً وَكُلُّ مَمْلُوكٍ لَهُ عَتِيقٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّاسُ اسْتَخْلِفْ فَقَالَ أَيَّ ذَلِكَ أَفْعَلُ فَقَدْ فَعَلَهُ مَنْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنِّي إِنْ أَدَعْ إِلَى النَّاسِ أَمْرَهُمْ فَقَدْ تَرَكَهُ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاة وَالسَّلَامُ وَإِنْ أَسْتَخْلِفْ فَقَدْ اسْتَخْلَفَ مَنْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنِّي أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ أَبْشِرْ بِالْجَنَّةِ صَاحَبْتَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَطَلْتَ صُحْبَتَهُ وَوُلِّيتَ أَمْرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَقَوِيتَ وَأَدَّيْتَ الْأَمَانَةَ فَقَالَ أَمَّا تَبْشِيرُكَ إِيَّايَ بِالْجَنَّةِ فَوَاللَّهِ لَوْ أَنَّ لِي قَالَ عَفَّانُ فَلَا وَاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ لَوْ أَنَّ لِي الدُّنْيَا بِمَا فِيهَا لَافْتَدَيْتُ بِهِ مِنْ هَوْلِ مَا أَمَامِي قَبْلَ أَنْ أَعْلَمَ الْخَبَرَ وَأَمَّا قَوْلُكَ فِي أَمْرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَوَاللَّهِ لَوَدِدْتُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَفَافًا لَا لِي وَلَا عَلَيَّ وَأَمَّا مَا ذَكَرْتَ مِنْ صُحْبَةِ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَذَلِكَ‏.‏

QUICK LESSONS:
Pass justice fairly ; Show humility even when you are powerful ; Show mercy towards others especially those who are less fortunate than yourself .

EXPLANATIONS:
Umar ibn al-Khattab was one of the most influential figures in Islamic history. He was the second Caliph after Prophet Muhammad ﷺ passed away. On his deathbed, he gave three pieces of advice to those around him. Firstly, he advised them not to pass judgement on Kalalah which is a legal term referring to an inheritance dispute between two or more heirs when there is no clear will left by the deceased person. Secondly, he advised them not to appoint a successor as caliph after him as it would be difficult for anyone else to fill his shoes due to his immense knowledge and wisdom in leading people according to Islamic teachings. Lastly, he said that all slaves should be freed so they can live their lives with dignity and freedom without any oppression or injustice from their masters or owners. This hadith teaches us about justice for all regardless of social status or wealth; it also teaches us about humility even when we are in positions of power; lastly it teaches us about mercy towards others especially those who are less fortunate than ourselves such as slaves who have been oppressed for centuries before this hadith was revealed by Allah SWT through Prophet Muhammad ﷺ .

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