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Sunan Ibn Majah 3079 (Book 25, Hadith 198) #32433
The Ransom of Fasting, Charity and Sacrifice

SUMMARY: This hadith explains the verse from the Quran which states that a person must pay a ransom of either fasting for three days, giving charity to six poor persons, or offering sacrifice of one sheep.

It was narrated that 'Abdullah bin Ma’qil said: "I sat with Ka’b bin 'Ujrah in the mosque and asked him about this Verse: 'He must pay a compensation of either fasting (three days) or giving charity (feeding six poor persons) or offering sacrifice (one sheep).’ 2:196 Ka’b said: it was revealed concerning me. I had trouble with my head, so I was carried to the Messenger of Allah , with lice crawling on my face. He said: 'I did not think that you were suffering as much as I see. Do you have a sheep?’ I said: 'No.’ Then this Verse was revealed: "He must pay a Fidyah (ransom) of either fasting (three days) or giving Sadaqah (charity – feeding six poor persons) or offering sacrifice (one sheep)". 2:196 He said: 'Fasting is three days, charity is to be given to six poor persons, giving each one half of a Sa’ of food, and the sacrifice is a sheep.’"
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الأَصْبَهَانِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْقِلٍ، قَالَ قَعَدْتُ إِلَى كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ هَذِهِ الآيَةِ، ‏{فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ}‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ كَعْبٌ فِيَّ أُنْزِلَتْ كَانَ بِي أَذًى مِنْ رَأْسِي فَحُمِلْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ـ ـ وَالْقَمْلُ يَتَنَاثَرُ عَلَى وَجْهِي فَقَالَ ‏"‏ مَا كُنْتُ أُرَى الْجُهْدَ بَلَغَ مِنْكَ مَا أَرَى أَتَجِدُ شَاةً ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قُلْتُ لاَ ‏.‏ قَالَ فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ ‏{فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ}‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ فَالصَّوْمُ ثَلاَثَةُ أَيَّامٍ وَالصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى سِتَّةِ مَسَاكِينَ لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ نِصْفُ صَاعٍ مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَالنُّسُكُ شَاةٌ

TOPICS
fasting  *  charity  *  sacrifice  *  compensation  *  sawm  *  sadaqah  *  qurbani  *  fidyah

QUICK LESSONS:
Be generous towards those who are less fortunate than you ;Fulfill your obligations even if you don't have enough resources at your disposal ; Show mercy towards those in need ; Provide alternatives so they can still fulfill their obligations without having any financial burden on them .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith explains the verse from the Quran which states that a person must pay a ransom if they are unable to fulfill their obligations. The ransom can be fulfilled by fasting for three days, giving charity to six poor persons, or offering sacrifice of one sheep. This hadith is an example of how this verse was applied in practice when Ka'b bin Ujrah was suffering from lice crawling on his face and he did not have any sheep to offer as sacrifice. Therefore, he was given an alternative option by Prophet Muhammad ﷺ - fasting for three days or giving charity to six poor people with half Sa' each. This hadith teaches us about being generous towards those who are less fortunate than us and also encourages us to fulfill our obligations even if we don't have enough resources at our disposal. It also shows us how Prophet Muhammad ﷺ showed mercy towards those in need and gave them alternatives so they could still fulfill their obligations without having any financial burden on them.

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