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Jami at-Tirmidhi 1107 (Book 11, Hadith 28) #26674
Marriage and Consent

SUMMARY: Marriage should not be forced upon a woman without her consent.

Abu Hurairah narrated that: The Prophet said: "A matron should not be given in marriage until she is consulted, and a virgin should not be given in marriage until her permission is sought, and her silence is her permission".
حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا الأَوْزَاعِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ‏ "‏ لاَ تُنْكَحُ الثَّيِّبُ حَتَّى تُسْتَأْمَرَ وَلاَ تُنْكَحُ الْبِكْرُ حَتَّى تُسْتَأْذَنَ وَإِذْنُهَا الصُّمُوتُ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عُمَرَ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَعَائِشَةَ وَالْعُرْسِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ ‏.‏ وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّ الثَّيِّبَ لاَ تُزَوَّجُ حَتَّى تُسْتَأْمَرَ وَإِنْ زَوَّجَهَا الأَبُ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَسْتَأْمِرَهَا فَكَرِهَتْ ذَلِكَ فَالنِّكَاحُ مَفْسُوخٌ عِنْدَ عَامَّةِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ ‏.‏ وَاخْتَلَفَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ فِي تَزْوِيجِ الأَبْكَارِ إِذَا زَوَّجَهُنَّ الآبَاءُ فَرَأَى أَكْثَرُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ أَنَّ الأَبَ إِذَا زَوَّجَ الْبِكْرَ وَهِيَ بَالِغَةٌ بِغَيْرِ أَمْرِهَا فَلَمْ تَرْضَ بِتَزْوِيجِ الأَبِ فَالنِّكَاحُ مَفْسُوخٌ ‏.‏ وَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ تَزْوِيجُ الأَبِ عَلَى الْبِكْرِ جَائِزٌ وَإِنْ كَرِهَتْ ذَلِكَ ‏.‏ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ وَالشَّافِعِيِّ وَأَحْمَدَ وَإِسْحَاقَ

TOPICS
marriage  *  consent  *  permission  *  matron  *  virgin

QUICK LESSONS:
Seek permission before making decisions on behalf of others, Respect the wishes of women when it comes to matters of marriage .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith is about the importance of consent in marriage. The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ taught that a married woman should not be given away in marriage without her permission and a virgin should not be given away in marriage until her permission is sought. Her silence is taken as her permission. This hadith teaches us that no one should ever force someone into marriage against their will or without their consent. It also teaches us to respect the wishes of women when it comes to matters of marriage and to always seek their permission before making any decisions on their behalf.

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