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Jami at-Tirmidhi 691 (Book 8, Hadith 10) #26256
Fasting After Seeing the Crescent

SUMMARY: The Prophet Muhammad instructed Bilal to announce that the people should fast the following day after a Bedouin informed him of seeing the crescent.

Ibn Abbas narrated: "A Bedouin came to the Prophet and said: 'I have seen the crescent'. So he said: 'Do you testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah? Do you testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah?' He said: 'Yes'. So he said: 'O Bilal! Announce to the people that they should fast tomorrow'."
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الصَّبَّاحِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي ثَوْرٍ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ جَاءَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ فَقَالَ إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ الْهِلاَلَ ‏.‏ قَالَ ‏"‏ أَتَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ أَتَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ نَعَمْ ‏.‏ قَالَ ‏"‏ يَا بِلاَلُ أَذِّنْ فِي النَّاسِ أَنْ يَصُومُوا غَدًا ‏"‏ ‏.‏ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنٌ الْجُعْفِيُّ، عَنْ زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، نَحْوَهُ بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِيهِ اخْتِلاَفٌ ‏.‏ وَرَوَى سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ مُرْسَلاً وَأَكْثَرُ أَصْحَابِ سِمَاكٍ رَوَوْا عَنْ سِمَاكٍ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ مُرْسَلاً ‏.‏ وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ عِنْدَ أَكْثَرِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ قَالُوا تُقْبَلُ شَهَادَةُ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ فِي الصِّيَامِ ‏.‏ وَبِهِ يَقُولُ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ وَالشَّافِعِيُّ وَأَحْمَدُ وَأَهْلُ الْكُوفَةِ ‏.‏ قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ لاَ يُصَامُ إِلاَّ بِشَهَادَةِ رَجُلَيْنِ ‏.‏ وَلَمْ يَخْتَلِفْ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ فِي الإِفْطَارِ أَنَّهُ لاَ يُقْبَلُ فِيهِ إِلاَّ شَهَادَةُ رَجُلَيْنِ

TOPICS
fasting  *  crescent  *  testimony

QUICK LESSONS:
Testify one's faith in Allah & His Messenger; Fast during Ramadan; Follow Islamic teachings; Perform religious duties such as fasting & Hajj pilgrimage; Obey instructions from Prophet Muhammed .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith is about fasting and how it is determined. A Bedouin came to Prophet Muhammad and told him he had seen the crescent in the sky. The Prophet then asked him if he testified that there was no god but Allah and that Muhammad was his messenger. When he answered yes, Prophet Muhammad instructed Bilal to announce that everyone should fast tomorrow. This hadith teaches us about fasting during Ramadan and how it is determined by sighting of the crescent moon in accordance with Islamic teachings. It also teaches us about testifying one's faith in Allah and His Messenger as a prerequisite for performing religious duties such as fasting during Ramadan or Hajj pilgrimage.

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