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Jami at-Tirmidhi 238 (Book 2, Hadith 90) #25803
Necessity of Reciting Al-Hamd and a Surah in Prayer

SUMMARY: The key to prayer is purification, its beginning is the Takbir and its ending is the Taslim. It is necessary to recite Al-Hamd and a Surah in every prayer.

Abu Sa'eed narrated that : Allah's Messenger said: "the key to Salat is the purification, its Tahrim is the Takbir, and its Tahlil is the Taslim, and there is no Salat for one who did not recite Al-Hamd and a Surah in the obligatory (prayer) or other prayers".
حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ وَكِيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفُضَيْلِ، عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، طَرِيفٍ السَّعْدِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ‏"‏ مِفْتَاحُ الصَّلاَةِ الطُّهُورُ وَتَحْرِيمُهَا التَّكْبِيرُ وَتَحْلِيلُهَا التَّسْلِيمُ وَلاَ صَلاَةَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَقْرَأْ بــ‏"‏الْحَمْدُ‏"‏ وَسُورَةٍ _ فِي فَرِيضَةٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهَا ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ ‏.‏ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ وَعَائِشَةَ ‏.‏ قَالَ وَحَدِيثُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فِي هَذَا أَجْوَدُ إِسْنَادًا وَأَصَحُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَقَدْ كَتَبْنَاهُ فِي أَوَّلِ كِتَابِ الْوُضُوءِ ‏.‏ وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ وَمَنْ بَعْدَهُمْ ‏.‏ وَبِهِ يَقُولُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ وَابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ وَالشَّافِعِيُّ وَأَحْمَدُ وَإِسْحَاقُ أَنَّ تَحْرِيمَ الصَّلاَةِ التَّكْبِيرُ وَلاَ يَكُونُ الرَّجُلُ دَاخِلاً فِي الصَّلاَةِ إِلاَّ بِالتَّكْبِيرِ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَسَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ أَبَانَ مُسْتَمْلِيَ وَكِيعٍ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ مَهْدِيٍّ يَقُولُ لَوِ افْتَتَحَ الرَّجُلُ الصَّلاَةَ بِسَبْعِينَ اسْمًا مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّهِ وَلَمْ يُكَبِّرْ لَمْ يُجْزِهِ وَإِنْ أَحْدَثَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ أَمَرْتُهُ أَنْ يَتَوَضَّأَ ثُمَّ يَرْجِعَ إِلَى مَكَانِهِ فَيُسَلِّمَ إِنَّمَا الأَمْرُ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ ‏.‏ قَالَ وَأَبُو نَضْرَةَ اسْمُهُ الْمُنْذِرُ بْنُ مَالِكِ بْنِ قُطَعَةَ

TOPICS
purification  *  salat  *  takbir  *  tahlil  *  taslim  *  alhamd

QUICK LESSONS:
Perform wudu or ghusl before praying; say Allahu Akbar when starting salat; recite al hamd and surahs from Quran during obligatory prayers; say Asalamu alaykum wa rahmatullah when concluding salaam etc..
EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith explains that prayer, or salat, has three main components; purification, takbir and taslim. Purification refers to cleansing oneself before praying. This can be done by performing wudu or ghusl depending on the situation. The second component of salat is takbir which means saying “Allahu Akbar” or “God is great” when beginning the prayer. Lastly, taslim refers to saying “Asalamu alaykum wa rahmatullah” or “Peace be upon you and God's mercy” when concluding the prayer. Additionally, it is necessary for one to recite al-hamd as well as a surah from the Quran during each obligatory prayer as well as other prayers such as sunnah prayers or nawafil prayers.

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