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Sunan Abi Dawud 4582 (Book 41, Hadith 89) #24873
Inheritance Rights of Mukatab

SUMMARY: A mukatab (a slave who has made an agreement to purchase his freedom) can inherit in accordance with the extent to which he has been emancipated.

Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas: The Prophet said: When a mukatab (a slave who has made an agreement to purchase his freedom) gifts blood-money or an inheritance, he can inherit in accordance with the extent to which he has been emancipated. Abu Dawud said: Wuhaib transmitted it from Ayyub, from 'Ikrimah, on the authority of 'Ali, from the Prophet : and Hammad b. Zaid and Isma'il have transmitted it in a mursal form (i.e the link of the Companion being missing) from Ayyub, from 'Ikrimah, from the Prophet . Isma'il b. Ulayya has treated it as a statement of 'Ikrimah.
حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ ‏ "‏ إِذَا أَصَابَ الْمُكَاتَبُ حَدًّا أَوْ وَرِثَ مِيرَاثًا يَرِثُ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا عَتَقَ مِنْهُ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ رَوَاهُ وُهَيْبٌ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ وَأَرْسَلَهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ وَجَعَلَهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ قَوْلَ عِكْرِمَةَ

TOPICS
emancipation  *  inheritance  *  mukatab

QUICK LESSONS:
Respect those partially freed through emancipation agreements by giving them fair and just access to partial inhertiance rights according to their level of emancipation .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith is about the inheritance rights of a mukatab or a slave who has made an agreement to purchase his freedom. According to this hadith narrated by Abdullah ibn Abbas and other narrators such as Wuhaib and Ayyub from 'Ikrimah on the authority of 'Ali from the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ , when a mukatab gifts blood-money or an inheritance they can inherit in accordance with the extent to which they have been emancipated. This means that if someone is partially freed through emancipation then they will only be able to receive partial inheritance rights according to their level of emancipation. The main values taught in this hadith are justice and fairness towards those who are not fully free yet but have taken steps towards their freedom through emancipation agreements.

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