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Sunan Abi Dawud 3930 (Book 31, Hadith 5) #24220
The Right of Inheritance for Slave Owners

SUMMARY: This hadith is about the importance of freeing slaves and the right of inheritance belonging to the one who sets them free.

'Aishah said: Barirah came seeking my help to purchase her freedom. She said: I have arranged with my people to buy my freedom for nine Uqiyyahs: one to be paid annually. So help me. She ('Aishah) said: If your people are willing that I should count them (Uqiyyahs) out to them all at one time and set you free and that I shall have the right to inherit from you, I shall do so. She then went to her people. The narrator then transmitted the rest of the tradition like the version of al-Zuhri. He added to the wordings of the Prophet ﷺ in the last: What is the matter with people that one of you says: Set free, O so-and-so, and the right of inheritance belongs to me. The right of inheritance belongs to the one who has set a person free.
حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، - رضى الله عنها - قَالَتْ جَاءَتْ بَرِيرَةُ لِتَسْتَعِينَ فِي كِتَابَتِهَا فَقَالَتْ إِنِّي كَاتَبْتُ أَهْلِي عَلَى تِسْعِ أَوَاقٍ فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ أُوقِيَّةٌ فَأَعِينِينِي ‏.‏ فَقَالَتْ إِنْ أَحَبَّ أَهْلُكِ أَنْ أَعُدَّهَا عَدَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَأُعْتِقَكِ وَيَكُونَ وَلاَؤُكِ لِي فَعَلْتُ ‏.‏ فَذَهَبَتْ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا وَسَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ نَحْوَ الزُّهْرِيِّ زَادَ فِي كَلاَمِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي آخِرِهِ ‏ "‏ مَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ يَقُولُ أَحَدُهُمْ أَعْتِقْ يَا فُلاَنُ وَالْوَلاَءُ لِي إِنَّمَا الْوَلاَءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ
TOPICS
slavery  *  freedom  *  inheritance  *  ubudiyyah  *  alhurriyyah  *  alwarathah

QUICK LESSONS:
Freeing slaves out of kindness and compassion without any ulterior motives. Doing good deeds without expecting anything in return.

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith speaks about slavery and how it should be abolished. It also talks about how those who set slaves free should have the right to inherit from them. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is quoted in this hadith as saying that it is wrong for someone to say "Set free O so-and-so" while expecting to have a right of inheritance from them. This shows us that freeing slaves should not be done with any ulterior motives but rather out of kindness and compassion towards those who are enslaved. We can learn from this hadith that we must always strive to do good deeds without expecting anything in return as Allah will reward us for our good deeds regardless.

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